There is hope that Covid-19 immunisation might soon be a reality, but some scientists are aiming for a broader solution

As the paper lends its support to a Covid vaccine, don’t forget the damage it once did by backing bogus scienceAnti-vaxxers are as old as the very first vaccine. Edward Jenner, who saved the world from the scourge of smallpox, faced ferocious opposition. When Prince Albert unveiled a posthumous statue to him in Trafalgar Square in 1858, it was met with virulent opposition from anti-vaxxers, backed by the military who regarded Trafalgar Square plinths as exclusively theirs.Pulling down statues is nothing new or “woke”. The Times called for Jenner’s to be removed and within a year of Albert’s death in 1861 it was shuffled off to an obscure spot in Kensington Gardens. The British Medical Journal protested that military statues remained while Jenner was banished, “because they killed their fellow creatures whereas he only saved them”. Continue reading...

Discovery could potentially help treat patients suffering from alcohol poisoning, Canadian team saysResearchers in Canada have discovered that hyperventilation can significantly increase the rate at which the body metabolizes alcohol, in a breakthrough that could save thousands of lives.Three million people around the world die from alcohol-related deaths each year and emergency room physicians have few effective tools to treat acute alcohol poisoning. Continue reading...

Public-private partnership with Elon Musk’s company to send four astronauts to international space station on SaturdayIn a rocket ship perfectly named for the year of a global pandemic, three American astronauts and one from Japan are scheduled to blast off from Florida on Saturday evening as Nasa finally returns to the business of routine crewed spaceflight.The 7.49pm launch of the SpaceX capsule Resilience from the Kennedy Space Center, a mission officially designated as Crew 1, will be the first time since the final flights of the space shuttle fleet in 2011 that the US space agency has its own operational rotating program of sending humans to the international space station. Continue reading...

Some trials of lateral flow test from US firm Innova found it was much less accurate than the government said it wasThe lateral flow test bought by the UK government for mass testing in Liverpool, and potentially the whole country, could miss up to half of those who have Covid-19, according to experts.The government has great expectations of the Innova test, having signed two contracts with the California-based company behind it. Innova told the Guardian it was now shipping more than one million tests a day to the UK. Continue reading...

A year ago, the broadcaster Adrian Chiles opened a book on attention deficit disorder (ADD). Suddenly the good, the bad and the mad bits of his life started to make sense. He describes the impact the diagnosis has had on his lifeFour years ago, the broadcaster Adrian Chiles went to see a psychiatrist specialising in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), who concluded he probably had ADD – ADHD without the hyperactivity aspect. But it was only when he read a book about the condition three years later, and recognised so much of his behaviour on the pages - the inability to focus, the surges of adrenaline, the procrastination - that he went and got an official diagnosis. Chiles talks to Anushka Asthana about the impact the diagnosis has had on his life, and how it has made him reevaluate aspects of it.Asthana also talks to Prof Susan Young, an expert in ADHD, which is defined as a clinically distinct neurobiological condition that is caused by an imbalance of chemicals affecting specific parts of the brain responsible for behaviour. She discusses how it manifests differently in children to adults, ways it can be treated and why it is so over-represented in the prison population. Continue reading...

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Exclusive: BioNTech’s CEO Uğur Şahin says he is confident vaccine can ‘bash the virus over the head’

Climate agencies say fossil fuel burning is driving the increase of dangerous bushfires and days of extreme heatwavesAustralia’s climate has entered a new era of sustained extreme weather events, such as dangerous bushfires and heatwaves, courtesy of rising average temperatures, a new report by the nation’s two government climate science agencies has found.Rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, mostly from fossil fuel burning, has driven more dangerous bushfires, rising sea levels and a rapid rise in the days where temperatures reach extreme levels, the Bureau of Meteorology and the CSIRO said in Australia’s latest State of the Climate Report. Continue reading...

Dr Anthony Fauci says unprecedented 'polarisation' has intensified an anti-science feeling in the US and led people to threaten violence against him.While the top infectious diseases expert commands respect among much of the public, he has received personal death threats as a result of his high-profile statements about the coronavirus pandemic.The health expert Prof David Heymann, who joined Fauci in a Chatham House webinar, said science had become highly politicised to the point that a mask wearer was seen as a Democrat and a non-mask wearer as a Republican

Didier Raoult stands accused of touting drug as a coronavirus treatment without evidenceA French professor who touts the anti-malaria drug hydroxychloroquine as a coronavirus treatment – without evidence, scientists say – will appear before a disciplinary panel charged with ethics breaches, an order of doctors has said.Marseille-based Didier Raoult stands accused by his peers of spreading false information about the benefits of the drug. His promotion of hydroxychloroquine was taken up by the US and Brazilian presidents, Donald Trump and Jair Bolsonaro, who trumpeted its unproven benefits in a way critics say put people’s lives at risk. Continue reading...

Study finds fluctuations in white blood cells according to time of day and season, suggesting stronger or weaker immune function

The pharmaceutical industry has long made exorbitant profits by free-riding on research carried out by the public sectorHooray for Pfizer! As news of a vaccine potentially offering 90% protection against Covid-19 offers a life raft for lockdown-weary humanity, perhaps those home-drawn posters on people’s windows thanking the NHS will soon be applauding big pharma instead.The hope of a successful vaccine to liberate us from protracted economic misery should be embraced – but we should be sparing with the bunting for the pharmaceutical industry. If you want a particularly egregious case study of “socialism for the rich”, or of private businesses dependent on public sector research and innovation to make colossal profits, look no further than big pharma. Continue reading...

Ian Sample speaks to Prof Edgar Jones about the comparative psychological impacts of the blitz bombings of London and the Covid-19 pandemic, including the role trust in government plays and what we might expect during the second wave of infections Continue reading...

Finding is based on 50 studies involving medical records of nearly 19 million patients

Despite the Pfizer breakthrough, social distancing and remote working won’t disappear overnight

Venki Ramakrishnan says Horizon programme is vital to ensuring UK retains influence

In his latest science doc, the existential film-maker considers the cataclysmic threat from space – as real now as it ever wasIn 2007, Werner Herzog made a movie about Antarctica called Encounters at the End of the World, where he met the Cambridge University geographer and seismologist Clive Oppenheimer. The resulting partnership has opened up whole new adventures for Herzog in pop anthropology and the history of ideas. Together, Herzog and Oppenheimer made Into the Inferno in 2016, with Oppenheimer largely in front of the camera and Herzog behind, supplying the unmistakable rasping voiceover with its occasional flourishes of nihilist black comedy. Into the Inferno was all about how volcanos create strange belief systems and supplicant ideologies in the humans around them.Related: Werner Herzog: 'I'm fascinated by trash TV. The poet must not avert his eyes' Continue reading...

The lion’s share of the potential Pfizer vaccine is already claimed by high-income nationsThe news that joint efforts by the US pharmaceutical company Pfizer and the German biotech company BioNtech have produced a vaccine that is 90% effective at protecting people from Covid-19 has been understandably applauded – in spite of the caveats. Pfizer states that it can manufacture up to 50m doses by the end of 2020 and up to 1.3bn doses in 2021.Given the desire to get life back to normal, these doses will be in incredibly high demand. Some governments around the world, including the UK, have already begun to indicate to their populations that they will receive a vaccine by Christmas. But how will the distribution of this finite number of vaccines work when we only have enough for one seventh of the global population? Continue reading...

I don’t know my future self yet, but I’m pretty sure she wants me to take off the conventional masks I’ve been wearingThis was meant to be the year of my own private midlife crisis. Instead it has become the year of the novel coronavirus.I’d been anticipating turning 40 this November with a heady mix of pleasure and pain, knowing it would mark not only the beginning of my middle age, but the end of almost nine years of intensively mothering preschool-aged children. Continue reading...

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Agreement yet to be reached with universities as clock ticks towards Christmas ‘travel window’

Big City Birds app launched to help researchers better understand sulphur-crested cockatoo, ibis and brush-turkeyThere’s a new reason to engage with some of Australia’s most ubiquitous birds. A new app allows users to record the whereabouts of “big city” species like the sulphur-crested cockatoo and the Australian white ibis.Researchers at the University of Sydney and Taronga Conservation Society have launched the Big City Birds app to assist scientists with data collection and help them better understand some of our most common species. Continue reading...

Schools, bars and cinemas in Phnom Penh locked down as cases reported after trade trip

Wise governments will take a leaf out of the anti-vaxxers’ book by creating campaigns that persuade through engagementThe world has been offered a first ray of hope for a potential Covid-19 vaccine, created by Pfizer and BioNTech. So far, efforts have been focused on the manufacture and deployment of this and many other vaccines. Now that we have our first candidate, attention will turn to uptake. If researchers offer a vaccine, will people volunteer for it? And if they don’t, why not?As the World Health Organization director-general, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, warned in March, we are not only fighting a pandemic, but also an “infodemic”, a deluge of information – both factual and incorrect. This can generate doubt and vaccine hesitancy, which the WHO listed as one of the top 10 threats to global health in 2019. A recent survey conducted in the UK found that 36% of people were either uncertain or very unlikely to be vaccinated against Covid-19. Continue reading...

Behavioural scientist devoted to championing hygiene and sanitationThe only person – probably – ever to give a speech at the United Nations featuring a plastic poo, Valerie Curtis, who has died aged 62 of cancer, was one of the world’s first “disgustologists” and was dubbed by her fans the “Queen of Hygiene”. A behavioural scientist, she devoted her career to researching and championing hygiene, sanitation and behaviour change.Val began her career as an architect at Arup Associates, working on the new British Library, before her desire to make a greater difference drove her to take up posts with international NGOs such as Oxfam. She worked in Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda throughout the 1980s, often in conditions of famine and civil war, installing water pumps in remote communities. It was there that she developed her interest in behaviour. Continue reading...

Though scientists are routinely criticised for their projections, calls to wait for precise estimates underplay the urgency of this crisis

Suspicion in Devon town of face masks and 5G means take-up of vaccine may face resistance

Sale by Christie’s in London of 2,400 vintage images ranges from the dawn of space age to the last men on the moonNeil Armstrong’s giant leap for mankind is on sale to the highest bidder after a private collector released a treasure trove of Nasa images from spaceflight’s golden era for auction, including the only photograph taken of the first human walking on the moon.Related: Apollo 11: the fight for the first footprint on the moon Continue reading...

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Promising clinical data from Pfizer and BioNTech help the index to a £28bn one-day gainOptimism that a mass rollout of Covid-19 vaccines will lead to an economic recovery lifted stocks in London again on Tuesday, to their highest closing level in over four months.London’s FTSE 100 index of blue-chip shares rallied by nearly 1.8% to finish at 6,296 points, the highest close since 23 June. This added £28bn to the index’s value, taking its gains so far this week to nearly £100bn after it surged 4.6% on Monday on news of a vaccine breakthrough. Continue reading...

Johnson & Johnson and AstraZeneca pledged to make their vaccines available on a not-for-profit basis

Europe and US create vast facilities for Covid-19 vaccine but poorer nations lack infrastructure, say experts

At last, there is hope of an end to this pandemic. Scientists appear to have performed an amazing feat, the rest of us must do our best too

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Conspiracies about pandemic on social media must be countered effectively, say experts

The UK usually has a high take-up for vaccines, experts say, but there are fears over misinformation and scepticism

Readers respond to news that an interim analysis has shown Pfizer/BioNTech’s vaccine candidate was 90% effective in protecting people from transmission of the virus in global trials

There are grounds for optimism but also several unknowns around this coronavirus vaccine

Student finds mislabelled fragment of pterosaur, which flew over eastern England up to 66m years agoA fossil that been had languishing in a museum drawer in Brighton, wrongly labelled as a shark fin skeleton, has now been identified as a completely new species of prehistoric flying reptile that soared majestically over what are now the Cambridgeshire fens.Roy Smith, a University of Portsmouth PhD student, identified the creature after realising it was much more unusual and interesting than its label suggested. He identified the fossil as the tip of the beak of a new species of pterosaur (from the Greek for “winged lizard”), a creature that existed 228m-66m years ago and the earliest vertebrate known to have evolved powered flight. Continue reading...

Kate Bingham spent more than £670k hiring PR consultants to oversee media strategy

A combination of scientific advances and people volunteering for trials has finally offered a light at the end of the tunnel

Key PLO figure and advocate for two-state solution dies aged 65Saeb Erekat, the veteran Palestinian peace negotiator and one of the most high-profile figures in its leadership since the early 1990s, has died after contracting coronavirus.Erekat, a lawmaker from Jericho in the occupied West Bank, was a senior adviser to the Palestinian president, Mahmoud Abbas, and also worked for Abbas’s predecessor, Yasser Arafat. He served as the secretary-general of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). Continue reading...

Sars, Mers, now this: we must think hard about how we farm animals that are known hosts of human coronavirusesTwo decades ago, a seminal study from the University of Edinburgh compiled a list of all known human infectious diseases. It found a total of 1,415 different human pathogens, and claimed that 61% were capable of spreading between humans and animals. Today, with the world put on hold by a deadly disease that seems likely to have spread first from bats to humans, we know the dangerous effects of such pathogens all too well.The group of diseases that spread from animals to humans are collectively known as zoonoses. The term encompasses diseases such as measles, which first spread from cattle to humans thousands of years ago but now transmits exclusively between people, and Ebola, which periodically passes from bats to humans, where it then spreads from person to person. It can also refer to food-borne diseases caused by bacterias such as salmonella and campylobacter that we only get from the consumption of animal products and almost never pass from person to person. Continue reading...

Paranthropus robustus walked the earth at roughly the same time as our direct ancestor Homo erectusA two million-year-old skull from a large-toothed distant human cousin has been unearthed at an Australian-led archaeological dig deep in a South African cave system.The discovery is the earliest known and best-preserved example of the small-brained hominin called Paranthropus robustus, La Trobe University researchers say. Continue reading...

Early results from phase 3 trial look promising but there are still many questions to be answered

From the underrated octopus to Dante, the Italian physicist fuses his deep knowledge of science and the artsWe live in a golden age of science writing, where weighty subjects such as quantum mechanics, genetics and cell theory are routinely rendered intelligible to mass audiences. Nonetheless, it remains rare for even the most talented science writers to fuse their work with a deep knowledge of the arts.One such rarity is the Italian theoretical physicist Carlo Rovelli who, like some intellectual throwback to antiquity, treats the sciences and the humanities as complementary areas of knowledge and is a subtle interpreter of both. His best-known work is Seven Brief Lessons on Physics, which was a bestseller, most notably in Italy, where he is also well known for his erudite articles in newspapers such as Corriere della Sera. Continue reading...

This month marks 20 years of continuous human habitation of space on the ISS. A new set of images by Italian astronaut Paolo Nespoli and photographer Roland Miller captures the station’s interiors through an artistic, minimalist eye Continue reading...

Analysis shows nearly twice as many diagnoses over three months among those testing positive

Global stocks surge and experts optimistic as Covid vaccine exceeds expectations