Weatherwatch: Mauvoisin disaster triggered scientific interest in glaciers

A 'glacial lake outburst flood' killed 44 people and many animals in 1818 in Switzerland

In June 1818, ice falling from the tongue of the Gii(C)tro glacier had in effect blocked the valley of Mauvoisin in Switzerland. Water was building up behind this ice dam to dangerous levels, and engineers were called in to release it gradually. They drilled a hole through the ice, but it did not relieve the water pressure quickly enough. On 16 June at 4.30pm the ice dam burst, disintegrating and releasing all the water at once.

The result was a catastrophic "glacial lake outburst flood", a phenomenon characterised by extremely high rates of water flow. Warnings did not travel as fast as the sudden rush of 20m cubic metres (4.4bn gallons) of water, which swept away bridges and buildings in its path, killing 44 people and many animals.