How our home delivery habit reshaped the world

The great trick of online retail has been to get us to shop more and think less about how our purchases reach our homes. By Samanth Subramanian

A decade ago, the British department-store chain John Lewis built itself a long warehouse, painted in gradations of sky blue. The shed, as it is called in the industry, cost 100m and covered 650,000 sq ft. Windsor Castle could easily fit inside it. John Lewis named the shed Magna Park 1, after the site where it stands: a "logistics campus" of warehouses, roads, shipping containers and truck bays east of Milton Keynes. Magna Park 1 was intended to supply the company's stores around southern England, but almost as soon as it was finished, John Lewis realised that it wasn't enough. The pace of e-commerce was flying, and Magna Park 1 opened in the midst of a spell in which, between 2006 and 2016, the share of John Lewis deliveries going direct to customers rose 12-fold.

So John Lewis built Magna Park 2, measuring 675,000 sq ft. After that, the company realised it needed a new shed for Waitrose, its supermarket chain, where home deliveries were skyrocketing, too. "It became a bit of a standing joke," said Philip Stanway, a regional director at Chetwoods, the architecture firm that designed and built all these facilities. "They used to come to meetings with their forecasts, and they'd say: 'Screw this. This is the new forecast,'" Stanway said, making a scribbling motion in the manner of a John Lewis executive hastily updating the numbers. "We couldn't build the buildings quick enough for them."