A World Without Work by Daniel Susskind review – should we be delighted or terrified?

It has long been argued that workers will be replaced by machines, but now the threat is real. How will we bring about a revolution in both work and leisure?

Oscar Wilde dreamed of a world without work. In The Soul of Man Under Socialism (1891) he imagined a society liberated from drudgery by the machine: "while Humanity will be amusing itself, or enjoying cultivated leisure " or making beautiful things, or reading beautiful things, or simply contemplating the world with admiration and delight, machinery will be doing all the necessary and unpleasant work." This aesthete's Eden prompted one of his most famous observations: "Is this Utopian? A map of the world that does not include Utopia is not worth even glancing at."

In Wilde's day the future of work was the first question that every aspiring utopian, from Edward Bellamy to HG Wells, needed to answer. Everything else, from gender relations to crime prevention, flowed from that. But proponents of the more attainable goal of drastically shorter working hours have also included Benjamin Franklin, Bertrand Russell, AT&T president Walter Gifford and John Maynard Keynes. When the great economist coined the phrase "technological unemployment" ("unemployment due to our discovery of means of economising the use of labour outrunning the pace at which we can find new uses for labour") in Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren (1931), he focused on the potential benefits a century hence.