How and when to hire your first product manager

In the world of early-stage startups, job titles are often a formality. In reality, each employee may handle a dozen responsibilities outside their job description. The choose-your-own-adventure type of work style is part of the magic of startups and often why generalists thrive here.

However, as a company progresses and the team grows, there comes a time when a founder needs to carve out dedicated roles. Of these positions, product management might be one of the most elusive - and key - roles to fill.

Product management might be one of the most elusive - and key - roles to fill.

We spoke to startup founders and operators to get their thoughts about how and when they hired their first product manager. Some of the things we talked about were:

• Which traits to look for.
• Why it's important to define the role before you look for your best fit.
• Whether your new hire needs to have a technical background.
• The best questions to ask in an interview.
• How to time your first hire and avoid overhiring.

Don't hire for the CEO of a product

Let's start by working backward. Product managers often graduate into a CEO role or leave a company to become a founder. Like founders, talented product managers have innate leadership skills and are able to effectively and clearly communicate. Similarly, both roles require a person who is a visionary when it comes to the product and execution.

David Blake was a product manager before he became a serial edtech founder who created Degreed, Learn In, and most recently, BookClub. He says that experience helped him launch the first prototype of Degreed and attract first clients.

The must-have skill is the ability to put the team's best wisdom in check and inform the product decisions with users and potential clients to inform what you are building," he said. The person must also be able to take the team's mission and develop and sell that narrative to users and potential clients. That is how you blaze a new trail, balance risk, while avoiding building a faster horse."

The overlapping synergies between PMs and founders is part of the reason why the role is so confusing to define and hire for. Ken Norton, former director of product at Figma who recently left to solo advise and coach product managers, says companies can start by defining what PMs are not: The CEO of the product.

It's about not handing off the product responsibilities to somebody," he said. You want the founder and the CEO to continue to be the evangelist and visionary." Instead, the role is more about day to day blocking and tackling." Norton wrote a piece more than 15 years ago about how to hire a product manager, and it's still an essential read for anyone interested in the field.

Define the role and set your expectations

Product managers help translate all the jugglers within a startup to each other; connecting the engineer with marketing, design with business development and sales with all the above. The role at its core is hard to define, but at the same time is the necessary plumbing for any startup that wants to be high-growth and ambitious.

While a successful product manager is a strong generalist, they have to have the ability to understand and humanize technical processes. The best candidates, then, have some sort of technical experience as an engineer or otherwise.