Hope and doubt among Venezuelan refugees with country at fork in road

Election results elsewhere have boosted Nicolas Maduro but humanitarian crisis is far from over

As Venezuela crumbled and its people began to starve, pastor Jesus Campo founded a sanctuary for hunger-stricken refugees across the border in Brazil. He called it Vila Esperanca - the Village of Hope. More than 7 million Venezuelans have fled their country's economic meltdown in recent years and scores of them found shelter in his ramshackle shantytown in the border town of Pacaraima, cobbling huts together from recycled wood, scrap metal and mud.

But a decade after Vila Esperanca was born on a hilltop near the frontier, Campo sees cause for optimism once again - this time back in his decaying homeland. Little by little, our country is rising up," the 76-year-old preacher said one recent morning as he sat in a shack built from black plastic and branches.