Silvio Berlusconi may be gone, but Trump’s still here. The rotten populist legacy is everywhere | Paolo Gerbaudo

The former Italian PM, who combined celebrity antics with rightwing populism, laid the groundwork for Trumpism

When he hurriedly left the prime minister's official residence, Palazzo Chigi, for the last time on 16 November 2011, Silvio Berlusconi looked like a humiliated man. Italy's finances were in trouble, with international investors betting against the country's treasury bonds; prosecutors were on his heels due to the infamous bunga bunga" scandal, which involved an underage sex worker; European allies Nicolas Sarkozy and Angela Merkel had made their displeasure with him public. Few would have guessed at the time how much future politics would follow Berlusconi's populist template.

Berlusconi has died at 86 - he had been in hospital in Milan, undergoing treatment for a lung infection. Yet look around, and you can see his legacy everywhere. In fact, the years that followed Berlusconi's exit from office vindicated his political style, which combined extreme personality politics, a skilful use of visual media and an unashamed demagogy - all to tap into voters' disillusionment and cynicism about the status quo. It is hard to think of another politician more prefigurative of politics to come.

Paolo Gerbaudo is a sociologist at Scuola Normale Superiore in Pisa, Italy, and King's College London, and the author of The Great Recoil