Greek shipwreck highlights divided Libya’s inability to stem flow of refugees

Absence of unified Libyan national government leaves Europe lacking effective allies to tackle people-smuggling trade

The mass drowning of refugees heading from Libya for Italy as their large boat capsized off the coast of Greece underlines Libya's continuing power vacuum and the inability of its divided leaders to deliver on their promises to stem the profitable people-smuggling trade. It is striking that the ship sailed from the eastern port of Tobruk, a city where local leaders have mounted a campaign against illegal migration.

On 4 May, the Italian prime minister, Giorgia Meloni, granted Libya's strongman in the east, Khalifa Haftar, a meeting in Rome at which she offered to invest in Libya's east - the country has been divided into a rival east and west since 2015 - in return for action on the smugglers.