China accused of scores of abuses linked to ‘green mineral’ mining

Watchdog identifies 102 violations over past two years as country extracts transition minerals' for green-energy technology

A new report into China's dominance in the green-energy market has identified more than a hundred allegations of environmental and human rights violations linked to its overseas transition mineral investments over the past two years.

China dominates the processing and refining of lithium, cobalt, copper, manganese, nickel, zinc, chromium, aluminium and rare-earth elements - and the manufacturing of technologies like solar panels, wind turbines and batteries for electric vehicles (EV), which require so-called transition minerals.