‘It’s a big lever for change’: the radical contract protecting Hamburg’s green space

Citizen power forced Germany's greenest city-state into a binding agreement balancing housing and nature

When Fritz Schumacher laid out his vision for Hamburg a century ago, the sketch looked more like a fern than a town plan. Fronds of urban development radiated from the centre to tickle the countryside, bristling with dense rows of housing. The white spaces in between were to be filled with parks and playgrounds.

Schumacher was Hamburg's chief building officer in the early 20th century, and a pioneer of green cities with widespread access to nature. Building sites emerge even if you don't invest in them," he warned in 1932. Public spaces disappear if you don't invest in them."