Will messaging apps challenge the web's monopolisation?

The internet has suffered from tech giants' command-and-control ethos, but open chat platforms offer an alternative way forward

One of the great books covering the internet and what it means is the Cluetrain Manifesto, written in 1999. It describes a revolution in business happening because a more open and public style of communication has become possible and proclaims: "markets are conversations".

Now that messaging apps are soaring these ideas couldn't be more relevant.