SSH-KEY not working between laptop and Rasbian?

Hi.

I am testing Raspbian by ssh on local network and internet, but I can't get it to work with SSH-KEY:

Note: I have created a new user first and deleted the pi user and then did the following:

Debianlaptop client:
ssh-keygen -o -t rsa -b 4096
cat ~ / .ssh / id_rsa.pub
Copy ssh-key:
ssh-rsa GBjsdhbcv ... ... H755f client @ debianlaptop

Raspbian:
sudo mkdir ~ / .ssh
sudo chmod 700 ~ / .ssh
sudo nano ~ / .ssh / authorized_keys
Paste ssh-key:
ssh-rsa GBjsdhbcv ... ... H755f client @ debianlaptop
chmod 600 ~ / .ssh / authorized_keys

I'm wrong about something, what am I missing?

Needed:
- make it work with ssh-key
- Ask me for the ssh-key password to be able to enter
- And not with the Raspbian user's sudo password.

Raspbian connects either from the local network or from the internet with the Raspbian user's sudo password.

Thank you.