Do your genes determine your entire life?
Whenever you read stories about identical twins separated at birth, they tend to follow the template set by the most remarkable of them all: the "two Jims". James Springer and James Lewis were separated as one-month-olds, adopted by different families and reunited at age 39. When University of Minnesota psychologist Thomas Bouchard met them in 1979, he found, as a Washington Post article put it, both had "married and divorced a woman named Linda and remarried a Betty. They shared interests in mechanical drawing and carpentry; their favourite school subject had been maths, their least favourite, spelling. They smoked and drank the same amount and got headaches at the same time of day." The similarities were uncanny. A great deal of who they would turn out to be appears to have been written in their genes.
Other studies at the world-leading Minnesota Center for Twin and Family Research suggest that many of our traits are more than 50% inherited, including obedience to authority, vulnerability to stress, and risk-seeking. Researchers have even suggested that when it comes to issues such as religion and politics, our choices are much more determined by our genes than we think.
To predict whether someone believes in God, it's more useful to know they live in Texas than what their genes are
Various options are pencilled in by our genes, and our life experiences determine which get inked
A fan of Shostakovich does not, usually at least, wish she could just decide to prefer Andrew Lloyd Webber
Our current knowledge of neurobiology makes it clear that there is no such thing as absolute freedom
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