Court orders Royal Dutch Shell to cut carbon emissions by 45% by 2030

Oil giant told plans should be brought into line with Paris climate agreement

A court in the Hague has ordered Royal Dutch Shell to cut its global carbon emissions by 45% by the end of 2030 compared to 2019 levels, in a landmark case brought by Friends of the Earth and over 17,000 co-plaintiffs.

The oil giant's sustainability policy was found to be insufficiently concrete" by the Dutch court in an unprecedented ruling that will have wide implications for the energy industry and other polluting multinationals.