Can I update my intel drivers from Ubuntu 20.04 LTS that is installed on an external HDD?

I will not be able to update to Windows 11, as I have a 6 bit display, so I thought that I could use Ubuntu 20.04 LTS, since they have security updates until 2025. I need to be able to use Ubuntu, for web browsing, as I have used Windows 10. I will need to be able to update any drivers needed. I read that it can not be done from a live USB with persistent storage. I am assuming that it is the same for an external HDD. I do not want to open up my laptop and install a new HDD, as I have damaged the enclosure, and do not want to risk it. My primary concern is that I can have a functional and secure web connection, as all I use a laptop for is watching YouTube, and paying bills.