‘Mad and offensive’ texts shed light on the role played by minstrels in medieval society

The Heege Manuscript which pokes fun at everyone, high and low' is among the earliest evidence of the life and work of a real minstrel

From mocking kings and priests to encouraging audiences to get drunk, newly discovered texts at the National Library of Scotland have shed light on the role played by minstrels in medieval society.

Containing the earliest recorded use of the term red herring" in English, the texts are part of a booklet known as the Heege Manuscript. Dr James Wade of the University of Cambridge, who discovered them, said echoes of minstrel humour can be found in shows such as Mock the Week, situational comedies and slapstick".