German politics has a built-in firewall against the far right. It’s beginning to crack | John Kampfner

Germany is more resilient to populism than its neighbours. But parties such as Alternative fur Deutschland are testing it to the limit

The Germans have a term for what holds them together: Wehrhafte Demokratie. It roughly translates as fortified democracy, but that does not fully render its meaning. In essence, it refers to the idea that the state has the right to act against those who threaten the liberal democratic order.

Another guarantor of German stability was the postwar constitutional settlement that founded three Volksparteien, big-tent citizens' parties" operating along carefully regulated parameters, encompassing centre-left, centre and centre-right. None would enjoy absolute power, which required coalitions, compromise and consensus at national and regional levels. As a further safety net, parties with less than 5% of the vote couldn't join parliament, excluding fringe groups.

John Kampfner is the author of In Search of Berlin, published by Atlantic Books on 5 October.