Unclear and unkown steps to build this Vim source

Hello, people.

Now, I need to use a computer with linux that does NOT have a decent Vim version to use, and this breaks my frequent uses of it, in these machines. For people who know vim well enough, I cannot use copy/paste register running vim in terminal, and this is one thing I do frequently - among other things "too advanced" to put in this "basic" version that is in this stupid Ubuntu of a Computer Science laboratory. I would not care, since I find it simple to download the package I wanted, and run it from my user folder, from the tmp folder, or any other arbitrary folder that can hold this "huge" software and everything it uses.

But what I can download demands libraries **newer** than this computer has, like libperl.so.5.28! For the second time, I would not care, since I can download a source package and compile it to be installed in an arbitrary folder. But this step is strange, today, and it is the reason for starting this thread.

First, I got the oldest package I can find in Debian site:

packages.debian.org/buster/vim-gtk

I do want to use vim with GUI, but it seems that I use vim-gtk when I use the "+ register (copy/paste for graphical programs), for example. Fine. In the above page, I choose the amd64 link, in the table almost in the end of the above page, which is:

security.debian.org/debian-security/pool/updates/main/v/vim/vim-gtk3_8.1.0875-5+deb10u6_amd64.deb

Is it correct that, in the last URL, the name "buster" is not present? Supposing it is correct like this, I extracting this package with the command

dpkg-deb -x [package file] .

does not work, since the mentioned library file does not exist in this machine:

$ ./usr/bin/vim.gtk3
./usr/bin/vim.gtk3: error while loading shared libraries: libperl.so.5.28: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

$

So, back to vim-gtk buster page, I download its source there, which is in URL:

security.debian.org/debian-security/pool/updates/main/v/vim/vim_8.1.0875-5+deb10u6.debian.tar.xz

Again, I find it strange that "buster" is not written in this URL. And "gtk3" neither. Anyway, I extract it, and when I open README.source file inside it, and it says to me:

If you are reading this from a Debian source package, you can stop now;
this package should build normally after extracting with dpkg-source -x.
The rest of this file gives some hints about generating source packages
from the packaging git repository.

There is no file named configure in the source file! So, I cannot do the usual

./configure [any option I want to change default]; make; make install

So, I deleted everything that I extracted before, and ran

dpkg-source -x [tar.xz source file]

and it did not work! The output is:

$ dpkg-source -x ~/tmp/vim-gtk3_8.1.0875-5+deb10u6_amd64.deb
dpkg-source: error: syntax error in /home/grad/ccomp/11/avic/tmp/vim-gtk3_8.1.0875-5+deb10u6_amd64.deb at line 2: line with unknown format (not field-colon-value)

$

So, what am I doing wrong? Or, if there is something wrong in what I did, or in what I read to do, how should I do things today?

Thank you in advance.