Painful day for tech titans as EU finally sinks its regulatory teeth into them | John Naughton

Last week the six biggest operators - Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, Meta, Microsoft and ByteDance - were forced to toe the line on competition, advertising, interoperability and more. It was a gamechanger

Last Wednesday was a landmark moment for the tech industry, or at any rate for that part of it that aspires to do business in the EU. It was the day when six of the biggest companies in the world had to start complying with the EU's Digital Markets Act (DMA) - the most sweeping law thus far aimed at regulating their activities in one of the world's biggest marketplaces.

The act - which aims to promote fair competition and limit the market power of the largest tech companies (gatekeepers") - has been long in gestation, and was vigorously opposed by them from the outset. So the fact that it emerged from the Brussels lawmaking process with some of its teeth still intact is itself a small miracle. But what is even more delicious is to see these behemoths grudgingly announcing how they are going to comply with what they see as an infuriating infringement of their freedom to do whatever they please.