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Markdown - or, more accurately, incompatible variants of Markdown - is everywhere, but that doesn't mean everybody likes it. It's the lowest common denominator of light markup languages, with a lot of well-documented issues, and Karl Voit decided to write a long and detailed article about the Markdown's shortcomings. Just to make sure we're on the same page here: I do not want to take away awesome workflows that are made possible by using an LML like Markdown. I just want to mention that the very same kind of workflows are possible by using a better designed LML. Unfortunately, some issues mentioned here do seem very subtle and minor. However, their consequences are not. With LMLs getting more and more popular and gaining wider use in tools, we really should make sure that our LML choice is a really good one. Personal feelings aside. Karl Voit Voit clearly has a preference for a specific alternative LML, but that doesn't mean the points they make in the article are any less valid. The world of Markdown is chaotic, with a seemingly endless number of varieties and dialects, perfectly illustrated by the Markdown Monster. To make matters worse, the Markdown syntax is quite ambiguous, further complicating how you're supposed to write it, and how tools are supposed to process it. The end result is that documents you write in Markdown today might be difficult to process decades from now, which isn't exactly conducive to its intended function. Voit mentions more issues, but this is the main gist. There's one major issue - at least for me - that Voit doesn't go into, and that's a problem I have with any of these simple markup languages I've tried: their syntaxes rely on some of the most annoying and cumbersome characters to type. There's a lot of weird keyboard clawing you need to do to enter the characters required by the syntax, and it just makes for an uncomfortable typing experience for me. I wish someone would design one of these syntaxes with typability in mind, making sure to only use characters that are easy to type. While this probably imposes some pretty hefty restrictions during the design of such a syntax, I think it can make for a much more elegant typing experience. As a result, I do not use Markdown or any of its alternatives.

It is no secret that Windows 11's dark mode is undercooked, to put it mildly. While modern parts of the operating system support dark mode and they look fantastic with it, plenty of commonly used UI surfaces and legacy parts are still stubbornly light. Those include common file action dialogs, such as copying/moving progress, deleting prompts, file properties dialog, and more. Nearly four years into Windows 11's lifecycle, Microsoft is finally fixing that. Taras Buria at Neowin Many things about Windows baffle me deeply, but the half-baked, broken dark" mode must be one of the biggest of them all. Here's one of the largest, wealthiest companies in the world, and while introduced in 2016, the dark mode in their flagship operating system product is still effectively broken. Nine years into its existence, Windows users finally will no longer be blinded whenever they start a file operation, which is nice, I guess, but I doubt this new push to fix dark mode in Windows will cover everything. Windows' dark mode joins the Settings application as one of those things that's just deeply half-assed in Windows. I find it incredibly hard to believe Microsoft couldn't have taken like five developers from their AI" team to comb through Windows years ago to address these issues, so my only conclusion is that they just don't care. Windows and its user experience just isn't a priority for the company, and this should really make Windows users reconsider their choice" of operating system.

Googleis managing to achieve whatMicrosoftcouldn't: killing the openweb. The efforts oftech giantsto gain control of and enclose the commons for extractive purposes have been clear to anyone who has been following the history of theInternetfor at least the last decade, and the adopted strategies are varied in technique as they are in success, fromEmbrace, Extend, Extinguish(EEE) to monopolization and lock-in. What I want to talk about in this article is the war Google has been waging onXMLfor over a decade, why it matters that they've finally encroached themselves enough to get what they want, and what we can do to fight this. Oblomov (I can't discern the author's preferred name) Google's quest to destroy the open web - or at the very least, aggressively contain it - is not new, and we're all aware of it. Since Google makes most of its money from online advertising, what the company really wants is a sanitised, corporate web that is deeply centralised around as few big players as possible. The smaller the number of players that have an actual influence on web, the better - it's much easier for Google to find common ground with other megacorps like Apple or Microsoft than with smaller players, open source projects, and individuals who actually care about the openness of the web. One of Google's primary points of attack is XML and everything related to it, like RSS, XMLT, and so on. If you use RSS, you're not loading web pages and thus not seeing Google's ads. If you use XSLT to transform an RSS feed into a browsable website, you're again not seeing any ads. Effectively, anything that we can use to avoid online advertising is a direct threat to Google's bottom line, and thus you can be certain Google will try to remove, break, or otherwise cripple it in some way. The most recent example is yet another attempt by Google to kill XSLT. XSLT, or Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations, is a language which allows you to transform any XML document - like an RSS feed - into other formats, like HTML, plaintext, and tons more. Google has been trying to kill XSLT for over a decade, but it's such an unpopular move that they had to back down the first time they proposed its removal. They're proposing it again, and the feedback has been just as negative. And we finally get to these days. Just asRSS feeds are making a comebackand users are starting to grow skeptic of the corporate silos, Googlemakes another run to kill XSLT, this time using the WHATWG as a sock puppet. Particularly of note,the corresponding Chromium issuewas createdbeforethe WHATWG Github issue. It is thus to no one's surprise that theoverwhelmingly negativereactions to the issue, the detailed explanations about whyXSLTis important, how instead of removing it browsers should move to more recent versions of the standard, and even the indications of existing better and more secure libraries to base such new implementations on,everycounterpoint to the removal have gonecompletelyignored. In the end, the WHATWG was forced to close down comments to the Github issue to stop the flood of negative feedback, so that the Googler could move on to the next step:commencing the process of formalizing the dismissal of XSLT. Oblomov (I can't discern the author's preferred name) At this point in time, there's really no more web standards as we idealise them in our head. It's effectively just Google, and perhaps Apple, deciding what is a web standard" and what isn't, their decisions guided not by what's best for a healthy and thriving open web, but by what's best for their respective bottom lines. The reason the web looks and feels like ass now is not because we wanted it to be so, but because Google and the other technology giants made it so. Everyone is just playing by their rules because otherwise, you won't show up in Google Search or your site won't work properly in mobile Safari. This very detailed article and the recent renewed interest in XSLT - thanks for letting everyone know, Google! - has me wondering if OSNews should use XSLT to create a pretty version of our RSS feed that will render nicely even in browsers without any RSS support. It doesn't seem too difficult, so I'll see if I can find someone to figure this out (I lack the skills, obviously). We've already removed our ads, and I think our RSS feed is full-article already anyway, so why not have a minimal version of OSNews you could browse to in your browser that's based on our RSS feed and XSLT?

If you're interested in developing for and programming on MS-DOS and other variants of the venerable operating system, SuperIlu has collected the various tools and applications they use and like for this very task. In case you're wondering who SuperIlu is - they are the developer of things like DOStodon, a Mastodon client for DOS, DOjS, and much more. This is my short list of interesting resources for MS-DOS development. This is neither meant to be unbiased nor exhaustive, it is just a list of software/tools I know and/or use. The focus is on free and open source software. SuperIlu at GitHub None of the items on the list are abandonware, so there's no risk of relying on things that are no longer being developed. With most of the items also being free and open source software, you can further be assured you're safe from the odd rugpull. If you're into DOS development, this is a treasure trove.

A week ago we talked about focus stealing prevention on KDE and Wayland, and this time we have a similar article, but detailing GNOME's approach instead. Many of the underlying mechanisms are the same, of course, but since GNOME uses a different window manager, the details are different. The problem GNOME faces is the same as KDE, though: application and toolkit developers need to adopt the XDG Activation protocol, but the question is how to get there. While some people have asked for focus stealing prevention to be disabled completely until it's implemented by most apps and toolkits, I'm not sure this is the best way forward. If we did that, nobody would notice which apps don't implement it, so there'd be no reason for toolkits to do so. On the other hand, there are some remaining issues around terminal applications and similar use cases that we don't have a plan for yet, so just switching tostrictto flush out app bugs isn't ideal either at the moment. Julian Sparber Basically, the GNOME team doesn't yet know how to move forward, and is collecting feedback and gathering information to see where to go from here. My suggestion would be to coordinate this effort with the KDE team, as the underlying systems and protocols are identical and the end goal is the same: get applications and toolkits to properly support XDG Activation. Many popular applications are shared between the two desktop environments anyway, so it makes sense to apply some mild pressure together, as one. Once support has permeated enough of the ecosystem to allow for focus stealing prevention to become stricter, GNOME and KDE would still be free to go off into their own directions. Weremoved adsfrom OSNews. Donate toour fundraiserto ensure our future!

Weremoved adsfrom OSNews. Donate toour fundraiserto ensure our future! One of the most hated features" of Windows is its update system - it's slow, error-prone, and most annoyingly of all, tends to interrupt users at the worst possible times. This last issue is apparently so common it's basically a recognisable meme, among both tech enthusiasts as well as regular users. The root cause of the problem is that because Microsoft wants to force users to install updates, you can only postpone them for a short while, after which Windows will install updates, even if you're about to start a presentation. Microsoft is now bringing this approach to the Microsoft Store. Up until now, the Microsoft Store allowed you to install updates whenever you pleased, but that's no longer the case. Just like Windows Update, you now only have the option to postpone application updates for a short while, after which they will be installed. There's no registry hack to turn this off or revert back to the old behaviour. Be advised in case you're using applications from the Microsoft Store for anything critical that starting soon, they will just update in the middle of whatever you're doing. Splendid.

Weremoved adsfrom OSNews. Donate toour fundraiserto ensure our future! We all know the earlier versions of Windows NT were available not only for x86, but also for MIPS, Alpha, and PowerPC (and there were unreleased ports to SPARC and Clipper). While we have the operating systems archived and available, applications properly compiled for the non-x86 versions of Windows NT can be a bit harder to come by. For instance, while Microsoft Word for MIPS and Alpha have been available for a while, we apparently never had a copy of Microsoft Word for PowerPC archived. Until now. Antoni Sawicki was pointed to an eBay auction for a copy of Microsoft Office Standard 4.2, and the photographed box clearly said it contained version for x86, Alpha, MIPS, and PowerPC. He decided to buy it, and it did, indeed, contain the PowerPC version of Microsoft Word. Of course, he made this version of Office available online for posterity. An excellent find, and good to see we have people willing to spend money just to ensure software isn't lost to time.

Weremoved adsfrom OSNews. Donate toour fundraiserto ensure our future! But what if your friends and relatives are more interested in FreeBSD than Linux? Well, here we have a detailed guide to setting up a FreeBSD desktop using KDE Plasma and Wayland. Yes, Wayland is available in the BSD world as well, and in a few years I wouldn't be surprised to see most FreeBSD desktop guides - including the documentation from FreeBSD itself - to primarily advise using Wayland over X11, as Wayland support in FreeBSD improve even further. I'm sure this will upset nobody.

Weremoved adsfrom OSNews. Donate toour fundraiserto ensure our future! It's weekend, you might be visiting friends or relatives, and perhaps some of them are curious about switching away from Windows or macOS to Linux. There's countless guides out there about this very topic, but to help you along a bit and cut through the avalanche of AI" and SEO slop, here's a true beginners' guide to desktop Linux written by KDE developer Akseli Lahtinen, second most famous developer out of Finland after Linus Torvalds. There has been quite a surge in interest towards desktop Linux lately. The userbase, atleast according tosome metrics, seems to be climbing. I realised today that it's been 4 years for me since I did the switch. I have gathered some know-how that maybe a complete newbie could find useful. I also try to untangle some jargon I've learned: It may not be exactly technically correct, but this is meant for a more regular user anyway. Akseli Lahtinen This won't be particularly interesting for most people who read a site like OSNews, but it's a great roundup for newcomers in your circle.

Weremoved adsfrom OSNews. Donate toour fundraiserto ensure our future! Ever wanted to know everything about a specific 8*19 font Intel used for the POST and BIOS screens on its motherboards? OS/2 Museum's Michal Necasek has you covered. The obvious remaining question is, who came up with 8*19 fonts for BIOS use? Was it really Intel? Or was it someone else? Note that the Intel boards were used bymanyOEMs (including but not limited to AST, Dell, Gateway, HP, Micron, Packard Bell) so just because an OEM system uses an 8*19 font doesn't mean there isn't Intel behind it. Michal Necasek Great weekend reading, as always, from Necasek.

Weremoved adsfrom OSNews. Donate toour fundraiserto ensure our future! What if you could run the full macOS on your iPhone or iPad? Quite a few people have made the case to run macOS especially on the latter, and it seems this isn't as much of an unobtainable pipe dream as you might think. Duy Tran has been working on getting macOS to run on jailbroken iPhones and iPads, and it seems he's making some headway. Eventually, I managed to boot somewhat macOS 13.4 natively on my iPhone XS Max on iOS 16.5; keyboard & mouse input is currently done via VNC. After some manual patching, many apps and daemons running (WindowServer, ControlCenter, Dock, and even Xcode 15b8). Duy Tran on Reddit It should go without saying this is incredibly limited so far, and there's immense amounts of work required to bring this to a point where anyone could use this in any serious manner. Still, it's very impressive so far, and it shows beyond the shadow of a doubt that macOS can, indeed, run on iPads if Apple wanted it to. This initial code is on GitHub, but it's definitely not for the faint of heart.

Weremoved adsfrom OSNews. Donate toour fundraiserto ensure our future! An internal Meta Platforms document detailing policies on chatbot behavior has permittedthe company's artificial intelligencecreations to engage a child in conversations that are romantic or sensual," generate false medical information and help users argue that Black people are dumber than white people." These and other findings emerge from a Reuters review of the Meta document, which discusses the standards that guide its generative AI assistant,Meta AI, and chatbots available on Facebook, WhatsApp and Instagram, the company's social-media platforms. Jeff Horwitz at Reuters The only way one can describe the examples of allowed behaviour towards minors is absolutely fucked up. If I'd find any person talking to my kids like Facebook and Zuckerberg apparently think it's okay to talk to children, I'd be calling the police to file a report. I know I shouldn't be surprised considering it's Facebook and Zuckerberg, a company with a history of knowingly inciting violence and genocide and a founder who created his website to creep on women, but the lows to which this company and its founder are willing to go are just so unimaginable to even people with just a modicum of morality, I just can't wrap my brain around it. The treatment of people of colour isn't any better. Facebook will happily argue for you that black people are dumber than white people without so much as batting an eye. Again, none of this should be surprising considering it's Facebook, but add to it the fact that AI" is the endgame for totalitarians, and it all makes even more sense. These tools are explicitly designed to generate totalitarian propaganda, because they're trained on totalitarian propaganda, i.e., most of the internet. The examples of AI" being fascist and racist are legion, and considering the people creating them - Zuckerberg, Altman, Musk, and so on - all have clear fascist and totalitarian tendencies or simply are overtly fascist, we, again, shouldn't be surprised. Totalitarians hate artists and intellectuals, because artists and intellectuals are the ones who tend to not fall for their bullshit. That's why one of the first steps taken by any totalitarian regime is curtailing the arts and sciences, from Pol Pot to Mao, from Trump to Orban. Promoting AI" as a replacement for exactly these groups in society - AI" generating art" to replace artists, AI" doing research" to replace actual scientists - fits within the totalitarian playbook like a perfectly fitted glove. When someone shows you who they are, believe them the first time. This apparently also applies to AI".

Weremoved adsfrom OSNews. Donate toour fundraiserto ensure our future! Hi, FAB 2025 is still happening in Prague and it has been a wonderful event. It's been great to meet so many people from our community at home, in Czechia! But during my chats with the attendee's, there was one topic which was emerging time and time again, and that is the state of open hardware. I cannot talk about all of the open hardware, but I can share experience from 3D printing. And it is not good! Open hardware in 3D printing is dead - you just don't know it yet. This is an opinion piece, imagine we are talking about this topic over a cold Pilsner... Josef Prusa What happens when the Chinese government lists 3D printing as an industry it wants to dominate? Well, an explosion in bogus patents and the death of tons of smaller, local brands, leaving only major players from China and perhaps one or two bigger non-Chinese brands. That's the conclusion by Josef Prusa, founder of Prusa Research, a major 3D printer maker from Prague, Czechia. Prusa's printers used to be entirely open source, but starting in 2023, this is no longer the case - ostensibly because being open source hardware meant that competitors were copying their work wholesale without contributing anything back, or worse, stealing their work entirely and keeping it all closed, despite the copyleft license in use. Looking at the numbers, it seems clear that smaller companies will not be able to deal with the onslaught of bogus patents, as fighting patent infringement claims in court and getting patents invalidated, even if prior art exists in abundance, is prohibitively expensive and incredibly time-consuming. It's a game of really expensive whack-a-mole against people with far deeper pockets than you. Still, this whole thing does taste a bit sour considering Prusa's abandonment of its open source roots and ideals. There's a business to be run here, I understand that, but principles do matter, and if not even a company priding itself on producing open source hardware stands by its ideals, why should anyone else?

We removed ads from OSNews. Donate to our fundraiser to ensure our future! We all managed to survive another month, so here we are, with another monthly update from Haiku, covering the month of July. It's been a rather short month, it being the middle of Summer and all, but there's still some significant stuff in here. For instance, a whole slew of fixes arrived for su and other multiuser commands, mostly for the benefit of SSH sessions. A central theme in July seems to have been filesystems, as FAT16 was added to the known filesystem types in the Storage Kit, quite a few fixes were implemented for NFSv4, and a number of filesystems saw bugfixes to fix issues in rsync, and much more. Another central theme is apparently a port of DOSEMU, for which a number of bugfixes, changes, and improvements were implemented that could, in turn, also benefit other possible ports. And of course, there's much, much more that happened, for which you'll have to dive into the full progress report.

We removed ads from OSNews. Donate to our fundraiser to ensure our future! We're not done with the AROS news quite yet, as Andrzej Subocz published another update with the latest news from the AROS community. Some of it we already covered, but a lot it we haven't. For instance, there's the initial version of a partitioning tool for AROS, called QuickPart. For now, it's in read-only mode, but once it's complete, it will allow users to do, well, partitioning. Work has also begun on porting SDL2 to AROS, replacing the aging SDL 1.2 version currently available. On top of all that, there's a lot of work on new and improved network drivers for the 64bit version, an extensive amount of changes and improvements to the build system, C library, datatypes, and much more. Subocz' full report has many more details, so head on over and read up.

We removed ads from OSNews. Donate to our fundraiser to ensure our future! Covering the Amiga world is always a bit of a crapshoot, since for what is surely an incredibly small segment of the computing world, it happens to be incredibly complex, with multiple competing Amiga-ish operating systems and hardware platforms, all worsened by many empty promises and bitter animosity flying every which way. This makes it hard for an outsider to get a firm grasp on what's going on, but as always, I'll try my best. The news here is that AmiKit has released a new browser for the classic 68k Amiga that can load modern websites. The browser is called AmiBrowser. AmiBrowser is an HTML 5 capable web browser built for 68K with Zune/MUI. Ituses ARM libraries to power the native rendering of the web pages. AmiKit press release AmiBrowser is exclusive to AmiKit's own Amiga-like hardware, the A600 GS and A1200 NG, both of which are replacement boards for the original Amiga 600 and 1200, respectively. How do these machines work? Well, they come in the shape of their original counterparts, but with far fewer chips, and one crucial addition: a little Orange Pi Zero 3 (in the case of the A1200 NG, at least) daughterboard that contains the actual ARM SoC that powers the machine. The way this setup works is that the Orange Pi Zero 3 boots into a minimal Linux environment with a launcher-like interface, which can in turn load up the Amiberry classic 68K Amiga emulator that can communicate with its ARM Linux host. It's inside this 68K emulator where the actual operating system runs. This Amiga-like operating system is called AmiBench, which is, very simply put, a modified variant of the 68K version of AROS, combined with libraries and components that can make use of the ARM processor. And so we finally arrive at this new browser. This new browser runs the Chromium Embedded Framework in the host Linux environment on the ARM processor, forwarding its rendering towards a native 68K Amiga/AROS application that's running inside the 68K emulator. In between the CEF running on the Linux host and the native Amiga 68K application running inside the emulator sits a glue layer that takes care of the communication between the two sides. It's an interesting approach to a very difficult problem: how do you run a modern browser on a hardware platform - 68K, in this case - that is horribly outdated and far too slow to deal with modern websites? It's an interesting approach, but it also feels a little bit like a house of cards. That being said, if the choice is between no access to the modern web and shaky access to the modern web, I'd still choose the latter.

We removed ads from OSNews. Donate to our fundraiser to ensure our future! The Hurd, the collection of services that run atop the GNU Mach microkernel, has been in development for a very, very long time. The Hurd is intended to serve as the kernel for the GNU Project, but with the advent of Linux and its rapid rise in popularity, it's the Linux kernel that became the defacto kernel for the GNU Project, a combination we're supposed to refer to as GNU/Linux. Unless you run Alpine, of course. Or you run any other modern Linux distribution, which probably contains more non-GNU code than it does GNU code, but I digress. The Hurd is still in development, however, and one of the more common ways to use The Hurd is by installing Debian GNU/Hurd, which combines the Debian package repositories with The Hurd. Debian GNU/Hurd 2025 was released yesterday, and brings quite a few large improvements and additions. This is a snapshot of Debian sid" at the time of the stable Debian Trixie" release (August 2025), so it is mostly based on the same sources. It is not an official Debian release, but it is an official Debian GNU/Hurd port release. Samuel Thibault About 72% of the Debian archive is available for Debian GNU/Hurd, for both i386 and amd64. This indeed means 64bit support is now available, which makes use of the userland disk drivers from NetBSD. Support for USB disks and CD-ROM was added, and the console now uses xkb for keyboard layout support. Bigger-ticket items are working SMP support and a port of the Rust programming language. Of course, there's a ton more changes, fixes, improvements, and additions as well. You can either install Debian GNU/Hurd using the Debian installer, or download a pre-installed disk image for use with, say, qemu.

Earlier today, I made the decision to remove all advertising from OSNews. From here on out, you will no longer see any ads, cookie banners, and other ad-related privacy-invasive technologies on this website. While this means a hit to my income, making OSNews even more reliant on our Patreon supporters and Ko-Fi donors, it genuinely feels liberating. I should've made this decision years ago. Read on for how you can support us, and our big fundraiser. I have always been open and honest about my dislike for the modern online advertising industry. It's incredibly privacy-invasive, a massive security risk, generally lacking in taste, and genuinely intrusive. As such, despite running ads on OSNews, I have always advocated for the concept of your computer, your rules", meaning only you, the user, gets to decide what gets run on your computer and displayed on your screen. This includes the use of ad-blockers. I have a Pi-Hole, and you can pry it from my cold, dead hands. Because of this, maintaining ads on OSNews became untenable. Everything about the ads on our site, from the actual ads themselves to the annoying cookie banners talking about our 1500 partners", gave me the ick, as the young, hip people say, and I've been considering turning them off for a long time. Today, after yet another reader rightfully pointing out how absurd our cookie banner was, I finally made the call. One email to our owner, David Adams, later, and we're now entirely ad-free, for everyone. This is a hit to my income, and as such, I kindly ask anyone capable of doing so to support the continued existence of OSNews. How can you support OSNews? We've been online since 1997, meaning soon we'll be hitting our 30-year anniversary. Very few websites can boast about such a long, uninterrupted existence, and despite all the changes both the industry and the world at large have gone through, OSNews is still here, doing what it has always done. The removal of ads means we're even more dependent on you, dear readers, but I'm confident in saying that we'll make it another 30 years. Thank you for all your continued support over the decades, and let's keep going. Without icky ads.

Apple, back in June of this year: This is our broadest software design update ever. Meticulously crafted by rethinking the fundamental elements that make up our software, the new design features an entirely new material called Liquid Glass. It combines the optical qualities of glass with a fluidity only Apple can achieve, as it transforms depending on your content or context. Apple's WWDC press release Today, iGerman00, detailing their merge request for adding Liquid Glass effects to a KWin plugin: Added a Concave (lens) refraction mode for a more Liquid Glass" look, it's a lot closer than the current implementation. Also added a Refraction Corner Radius slider (0-200px, 30 steps) to shape the SDF independently of edge size. Because the concave implementation is a bit weaker", I've raised the maxima to 30 for the relevant sliders. Added some UI logic for irrelevant options between modes. iGerman00's merge request One of the world's wealthiest companies, outdone by a random amateur hobbyist developer. Not only does this merge request recreate Apple's Liquid Glass effects, it does so with a detailed settings panel to control every aspect of the effect, something Apple obviously won't allow you to do. Only Apple" my ass.

Almost three weeks ago, Mozilla released Firefox 141 that, among other features like memory optimizations for Linux and a built-in unit converter, brought controversial AI-enhanced tab groups. Powered by a local AI model, these groups identify related tabs and suggest names for them. There is even a Suggest more tabs for group" button that users can click to get recommendations. Now, several users have taken to the Firefox subreddit to complain about high CPU usage when using the feature, as well as express their disappointment in Mozilla for adding AI to the browser. David Uzondu at NeoWin Is anybody even asking for AI" features in Firefox? Of the six people still left using Firefox, does even one of them want a chatbot in Firefox? Is any Firefox user the type of user to use some nebulous AI" tool to organize their open tabs? Seeing these kinds of frivolities in Chrome or Edge or whatever makes sense, but in Firefox? At least they're easy to disable through about:config - just set both browser.ml.chat.enabled and browser.tabs.groups.smart.enabled to false. I mean, I guess I can understand Mozilla trying to ride the hype bubble, but at least make this nonsense opt-in, instead of asking users to dig around in obtuse config flags.

You click a link in your chat app, your browser with a hundred tabs comes to the front and opens that page. How hard can it be? Well, you probably know by now that Wayland, unlike X, doesn't let one application force its idiot wishes on everyone else. In order for an application to bring its window to the front, it needs to make use of the XDG Activation protocol. In essence, an application cannot take focus, it can only receive focus. In the example above, your chat app would request an XDG Activation token from the compositor. It then asks the system to open the given URL (typically launching the web browser) and sends along the token. The browser can then use this token to activate its window. Kai Uwe After explaining exactly how this mechanism works, KDE developer Kai Uwe details the issue that not every application yet properly supports the XDG Activation protocol, and some that do have bugs that, say, might make an application discard its token too early. In other words, it's time to start testing. You'll need to use the latest git master brach of KWin, and enable set the Focus Stealing Prevention" option in Window Management to Extreme". When set to Extreme", KWin will exclusively activate windows that request activation with a valid token. They've already found and fixed a number of issues in KDE using this method, but more are bound to found, particularly in third-party applications. They're planning on turning on KWin's focus stealing prevention on Wayland with forgiving settings at first, but increase the strictness of the feature as time progresses and issues are fixed.

One of the things I'm working on at Red Hat is HDR support. HDR is inherently linked to luminance (brightness, but ignoring human perception) which makes it an important parameter for us that we would like to be in control of. Sebastian Wick A really interesting look at how GNOME is going to handle screen brightness.

It seems Microsoft is absorbing GitHub deeper into Microsoft. GitHub's CEO Thomas Dohmke is stepping down, and GitHub will be integrated into a new department within Microsoft. Which department will become the new stewards of GitHub, and the massive pile of open source code it's hosting? You already know. Still, after all this time, my startup roots have begun tugging on me and I've decided to leave GitHub to become a founder again. GitHub and its leadership team will continue its mission as part of Microsoft's CoreAI organization, with more details shared soon. I'll be staying through the end of 2025 to help guide the transition and am leaving with a deep sense of pride in everything we've built as a remote-first organization spread around the world. Thomas Dohmke GitHub will become part of a new AI" engineering group inside Microsoft, led by a former Facebook executive, Jay Parikh. As The Verge notes, this new group includes platform and development tools and Dev Div teams, with a focus on building an AI platform and tools for both Microsoft and its customers". In other words, Microsoft is going to streamline taking your code and sucking it up into its AI" slop machines. If you're hosting code on GitHub, the best time to move it somewhere else was yesterday, but if you haven't yet, the second best time is today. Unless you want your code to be sucked up into Microsoft and regurgitated to sloppify Windows and Office, you should be moving your code to GitHub alternatives.

Over the years, we've seen a good number of interfaces used for computer monitors, TVs, LCD panels and other all-things-display purposes. We've lived through VGA and the large variety of analog interfaces that preceded it, then DVI, HDMI, and at some point, we've started getting devices with DisplayPort support. So you might think it's more of the same. However, I'd like to tell you that you probably should pay more attention to DisplayPort - it's an interface powerful in a way that we haven't seen before. Arya Voronova at HackADay DisplayPort is a better user experience in every way compared to HDMI. I am so, so sad that HDMI has won out in the consumer electronics space, with all of its countless anti-user features as detailed in the linked article. I refuse to use HDMI when DisplayPort is available, so all of my computers' displays are hooked up over DP. Whenever I did try to use HDMI, I always ran into issues with resolution, refresh rates, improper monitor detection, and go knows what else. Plug in a DP cable, and everything always just works. Sadly, in consumer electronics, DisplayPort isn't all that common. Game consoles, Hi-Fi audio, televisions, and so on, all push HDMI hard and often don't offer a DisplayPort option at all. It takes me back to the early-to-late 2000s, when my entire audio setup was hooked up using optical cables, simply because I was a MiniDisc user and had accepted the gospel of optical cables. Back then, too, I refused to buy or use anything that used unwieldy analog cables. Mind you, this had nothing to do with audio quality - it was a usability thing. If anyone is aware of home audio devices and televisions that do offer DisplayPort, feel free to jump into the comments.

It's a bit of a silly post, because syntax is the least interesting d detail about the language, but, still, I can't stop thinking how Zig gets this detail just right for the class of curly-braced languages, and, well, now you'll have to think about that too. On the first glance, Zig looks almost exactly like Rust, because Zig borrows from Rust liberally. And I think that Rust has great syntax, considering all the semantics it needs to express (see Rust's Ugly Syntax"). But Zig improves on that, mostly by leveraging simpler language semantics, but also through some purely syntactical tasteful decisions. Alex Kladov Y'all know full well I know very little about programming, so there's much interesting stuff I can add here. The only slightly related frame of reference I have is how some languages - as in, the ones we speak - have a pleasing grammar or spelling, and how even when you can't actually speak a language, some of them intrinsically look attractive and pleasing when you see them in written form. I mean, you can't look at Scottisch Gaelic and not notice it just looks pleasing: Dh' eirich mi moch air mhaduinn an-deS gun ghearr mi'n ear-thalmhainn do bhrigh mo sgeilAn duil gu m faicinn fhein run mo chleibhOch oin gu m faca s a cul rium fein. Mo Shuil Ad Dheidh by Donald MacNicol I have no idea if programmers can look at programming languages the same way, but I've often been told there's more overlap between programming languages and regular language than many people think. As such, it wouldn't surprise me if some programming languages look really pleasing to programmers, even if they can't use them because they haven't really learned them yet.

Debian has released its latest version, Debian 13 trixie". This release contains over 14,100 new packages for a total count of 69,830 packages, while over 8,840 packages have been removed as obsolete. 44,326 packages were updated in this release. The overall disk usage for trixie is 403,854,660 kB (403 GB), and is made up of 1,463,291,186 lines of code. Debian 13 release announcement I'm never quite sure what to say about new Debian releases, as Debian isn't exactly the kind of distribution to make massive, sweeping changes or introduce brand new technologies before anyone else. That being said, Debian is a massively important cornerstone of the Linux world, forming the base for many of the most popular Linux distributions. At some point, you're going to deal with Debian 13.

AOL routinely evaluates its products and services and has decided to discontinue Dial-up Internet. This service will no longer be available in AOL plans. As a result, on September 30, 2025 this service and the associated software, the AOL Dialer software and AOL Shield browser, which are optimized for older operating systems and dial-up internet connections, will be discontinued. AOL support document I've seen a few publications writing derisively about this, surprised dial-up internet is still a thing, but I think that's misguided and definitely a bit elitist. In a country as large as the United States, there's bound to be quite a few very remote and isolated places where dial-up might be the best or even only option to get online. On top of that, I'm sure there are people out there who use the internet so sparingly that dial-up may suit their needs just fine. I genuinely hope this move by AOL doesn't cut a bunch of people off of the internet without any recourse, especially if it involves, say, isolated and lonely seniors to whom such changes may be too difficult to handle. Access to the internet is quite crucial in the modern world, and we shouldn't be ridiculing people just because they don't have access to super high-speed broadband.

Remember the old Windows Control Panel? It's still there, in your up-to-date Windows 11 installation, as a number of settings still cannot be changed in the new" Settings application. In the latest Insider Preview for Windows 11 in the Dev Channel, Microsoft moved another long list of settings from the Control Panel to Settings. The focus is very much on time and language this time around. A whole slew of more niche features related to the clock, such as adding additional clocks to the Notification Center or changing your time synchronisation server, can now be done in Settings. Format settings for time and date have also been moved into Settings, which is a welcome change for anyone dealing with mysterious cases where Windows somehow insists on using anything but the sane 24-hour clock. As for language settings, things like enabling Unicode UTF-8 support is now available in Settings as well, and you can now copy existing language and regions settings from one user to another, and to the welcome screen. Lastly, keyboard settings like the character repeat/delay rate and blink rates are now also in Settings. It's absolutely wild to me that Windows still has two separate places to change settings, and that countless settings dialogs still look like they came straight from Windows 95. It's a reply fractured user experience, and one that's been in place since the release of Settings in Windows 8, 13 years ago. The curve Windows is graded on compared to its competitors has basically become a circle. People write entire treatises about how Linux is not ready for the desktop because of some entirely arbitrary and nebulous reasons, while at the same time Windows users are served a hodgepodge of 30 years of random cruft without anyone even so much as raising an eyebrow. I've long argued that if you truly take a step back and look at the landscape of desktop operating systems today, and you were to apply the same standards to all of them, there's no chance in hell Windows can be considered ready for the desktop". The fact Windows has had two competing settings applications 13 years now with no end in sight is just one facet of that conclusion, but definitely an emblematic one.

The Linux Vendor Firmware Service (LVFS), which provides device makers and OEMs with the infrastructure to upload and distribute firmware files to Linux users, as well as support during this process, is taking bold steps to ensure large companies contribute to the project. LVFS is the infrastructure behind fwupd, the tool users actually use to download and install firmware updates. While Richard Hughes, the maintainer of LVFS, is employed by Red Hat to work on the project, and the Linux Foundation provides the hosting costs, there's just not enough people and resources dedicated to the project. They're going to take measures to address this. This year there will be a fair-use quota introduced, with different sponsorship levels having a different quota allowance. Nothing currently happens if the quota is exceeded, although there will be additional warnings asking the vendor to contribute. The associate" (free) quota is also generous, with 50,000 monthly downloads and 50 monthly uploads. This means that almost all the 140 vendors on the LVFS should expect no changes. Vendors providing millions of firmware files to end users (and deriving tremendous value from the LVFS...) should really either be providing a developer to help write shared code, design abstractions and review patches (like AMD does) or allocate some funding so that we can pay for resources to take action for them. So far no OEMs provide any financial help for the infrastructure itself, although two have recently offered - and we're now in a position to say yes" to the offers of help. Richard Hughes In other words, functionality is going to be reduced for vendors who make extensive use of LVFS, but who don't provide any financial or development support. I think this is an excellent incentive to get corporations who effectively freeload off a free infrastructure without providing anything in return to step up. It seems the measures are explicitly designed to target only the very few major users of LVFS, leaving the smaller companies unaffected. Funding in open source is a major issue, and as open source becomes ever more popular and used by more and more large companies with excessive amounts of revenue, the strain on maintainers and developers is going to keep increasing. I'm entirely on board with efforts to encourage funding and contributions, as long as they fall within the confines of the terms of the open source licenses in use.

Choosing human-readable file formats is an act of technological sovereignty. It's about maintaining control over your data, ensuring long-term accessibility, and building systems that remain comprehensible and maintainable over time. The slight overhead of human readability pays dividends in flexibility, durability, and peace of mind. These formats also represent a philosophy: that technology should serve human understanding rather than obscure it. In choosing transparency over convenience, we build more resilient, more maintainable, and ultimately more trustworthy systems. Adele It's hard not to agree with this sentiment. I definitely prefer being able to just open and read things like configuration files as if they're text files, for all the same reasons Adele lists in their article. It just makes managing your system a lot easier, since I means you won't have to rely on the applications the files belong to to make any changes. I think this also extends to other areas. When I'm dealing with photo or music library tools, I want them to use the file system and directories in a human-readable way. Having to load up an entire photo management application just to sort some photos seems backwards to me; why can't I use my much leaner file manager to do this instead? I also want emails to be stored as individual files in directories matching mailboxes inside my email client, just like BeOS used to do back in the day (note that this is far from exclusive to BeOS). If I load up my file manager, and create a new directory inside the root mail directory I designated and copy a few email files into it, my email client should reflect that. As operating systems get ever more locked down, we're losing the human-readability of our systems, and that's not a good development.

With Apple's desktop operating systems straying ever further from what some of us consider its heyday, it's no surprise people long for the days before Apple started relentlessly focusing on services revenue, bringing iOS paradigms to macOS, and dropping its Aqua design language for whatever they're doing now. Some people take this longing and channel it into something a bit more concrete, and an example of this is a website I stumbled upon on Fedi: Mavericks Forever. Mavericks Forever is a detailed guide to, as the name implies, keep using Mac OS X 10.9 Mavericks. It covers everything from hardware options to security patches, browser choices, and so, so much more. It even goes as far as adding more recent emoji releases, custom security patches, and visual customisations. There's a ton to go over here, and of course, you don't have to implement every single suggestions. I ostensibly like pain, because I've had a soft spot for the trash can Mac Pro ever since they came out. Now that they are wholly and completely outdated by Apple standards, their prices are probably dropping rapidly, so I may have to grab one from eBay or whatever and follow this guide for a modern-ish Mavericks setup. I do actually like the Mac OS X of old quite a bit, I would love to have a usable version of it that I can use when I feel like it. If only to remember the good old days.

A simple instruction-stepped Z80 CPU emulator written in Go, inspired by the cycle-accurate emulation techniques described in floooh's blog posts. Zen80 GitHub page It has support for all documented Z80 instructions, supports most games and applications, and much more.

In 2022, Google launched a major push for gaming Chromebooks, including a version of Steam for ChromeOS. Steam for ChromeOS remained in Google's nebulous beta" state ever since, however, and today Google is doing a Google by killing Steam for ChromeOS altogether. Entering Steam" into the ChromeOS Launcher starts the install process like before, but there's now an intermediary message: The Steam for Chromebook Beta program will conclude on January 1st, 2026. After this date, games installed as part of the Beta will no longer be available to play on your device. We appreciate your participation in and contribution to learnings from the beta program, which will inform the future of Chromebook gaming." Abner Li at 9To5Google Chromebooks are cheap devices for students, and while there are expensive, powerful Chromebooks, I doubt they sell in any meaningful numbers to justify spending any time on maintaining Steam for ChromeOS. Of course, Steam for ChromeOS is just the Linux version of Steam, but Google did maintain a list of compatible" games, so the company was at least doing something. The list consists of 99 games, by the way. It's just another example of Google seemingly having no idea what it wants to do with its operating systems, made worse in this case because Google actually had OEMs make and sell Chromebooks with gaming features. Sure, Android games still exist and can be run on ChromeOS, but I doubt that's what the six people who bought a gaming Chromebook for actual gaming had in mind when they bought one.

Akseli Lahtinen, a KDE developer who works on various components of the KDE Plasma desktop environment, had never actually made his own KDE application from scratch - until now. He created a to-do application, called KomoDo (available on Flathub), that makes use of the todo.txt format, and penned a blog post detailing his experiences. Of course, as a KDE developer, he's got a head start and access to people who know their stuff, but that doesn't mean it was a walk in the park. If you're thinking of developing a KDE application, Lahtinen's blog post is a great place to start.

Welcome, friends, to my grubby little corner of the internet. A corner so strewn with obscenity that the UK government has decided you must prove you're a grown-up before you canaccess certain parts of it. The UK's new Online Safety Act has come into force, so UK people might have noticed a bunch of websites suddenly demanding you take a selfie, share your credit card details, or jump through another hoop to prove that you're over 18. Quite a few of my friends have been discussing this in the pub, because for understandable reasons people who aren't embedded in the world of online pornography or internet law are suddenly curious aboutwhythe internet is now so very broken. They're also often convinced that the government will change its mind and therefore no one really needs to worry. I've had this conversation so many times now that I reckon I've got the basis for a fairly solid layperson's guide to age verification: what it is, how it affects you, and why we absolutely, genuinelydoneed to worry. Girl on the Net Girl on the Net basically published the definitive guide on why age verification online, as currently implemented in the United Kingdom, and explored by the United States and the European Union, is such a terrible idea. It's a privacy disaster, a clear onramp for Christian extremists to go after LGBTQ+ content, it doesn't protect the children", it's easily circumvented, breaks accessibility, casts such a wide net that it even hits sites like Wikipedia, and so, so much more. Whenever anyone online tries to sell you on age verification as a means to think of the children", you can just point them to the linked article. If, after reading it, they still believe this is the way to protect children from seeing naked people (while leaving the door to the most brutal forms of violent content wide open, of course, as is tradition), they will have either ulterior motives, or are some form of extremist you can't argue with anyway. The demonization of sexual content and the sex workers that produce it as a means to introduce strict authoritarian control over the internet is something that will never go away. Think of the children" is an incredibly powerful rallying cry for authoritarians to scare sheltered boomers into accepting pretty much any draconian measure, regardless of efficacy, and I doubt we will ever definitely win this fight. But we won't have to sit down and accept it.

Whether you like Microsoft and its products or not, the one thing we can all agree on is that the company is absolutely terrible at naming things. Sometimes I feel like managers at Microsoft get their bonuses based on how many times they can rename products, because I find it hard to accept that they're really that inept at product naming in Redmond. I mean, just look at my recent article about the most Microsoft support document of all time. Bonkers. While the list of examples of confusing, weird, unclear, and strange Microsoft product names is long, let's go back to that weird moment in time where Windows updates were suddenly given names like the Fall Creators Update". As with every naming scheme Microsoft introduces, this one was short-lived, but for once, we have an explanation. Raymond Chen explains: It was during an all-hands meeting that a senior executive asked if the organization had any unconscious biases. One of my colleagues raised his hand. He grew up in the Southern Hemisphere, where the seasons are opposite from those in the Northern Hemisphere. He pointed out that naming the updates Spring and Fall shows a Northern Hemisphere bias and is not inclusive of our customers in the Southern Hemisphere. The names of the semiannual releases were changed the next day to be hemisphere-neutral. Raymond Chen If you live in the northern hemisphere - and you can't live much more north than I do - you don't often have to think about how the seasons in the southern hemisphere are reversed. We all know it - I assume, at least - but it's not something that we're confronted with very often, as our media, movies, books, and so on, all tend to be made in and for consumers in the northern hemisphere. I'm assuming that people in the southern hemisphere are much more acutely aware of this issue, because their media is probably dominated by stories set in the northern hemisphere, too. It's wild that Microsoft ever went with a seasonal naming scheme to begin with, and that it somehow slipped through the cracks for a while before anyone spoke up.

Main highlight of this update is a modernized core built upon Debian 13 Trixie", ensuring a robust foundation for the platform. Proxmox VE 9.0 further introduces significant advancements in both storage and networking capabilities, addressing critical enterprise demands. A highlight is the long-awaited support for snapshots on thick-provisioned LVM shared storage, improving storage management capabilities especially for enterprise users with Fibre Channel (FC) or iSCSI SAN environments. With newly added fabric" support for Software-Defined Networking (SDN), administrators can construct highly complex and scalable network architectures. Proxmox press release I've only very recently accepted the gospel of Proxmox, and I now have a little mini PC running Proxmox, hosting a Debian Pi-Hole container, a 9front virtual machine, and a Windows 7 retro virtual machine. I'm intending to use it as an easy shortcut for running retro stuff, as well as any fun tools I might run into that work best in a container. I haven't updated yet to this new release, but I'm interested to see how easy the upgrade process will be. Considering it's just Debian, it can't be too involved. I'm curious of anyone else here is using Proxmox or similar tools at home, or at work for more complex use cases.

As promised in the first iteration, we will now explore how GPU drivers work in more detail by exploring an application known asVkCube. As the program name implies, this application uses the Vulkan API to render a rotating cube on the screen. Its simplicity makes it a prime candidate to be used as a learning aid in our journey through GPU drivers. This article will first introduce the concept of User Mode Drivers (UMDs) and Kernel Mode Drivers (KMDs), breaking down the steps needed to actually describeVkCubes workload to the GPU. This will be done in a more compact way for brevity as it's a rather extensive topic that has been detailed in several books. We will wrap up with an overview of the actual API offered by Tyr. As previously stated, this is the same API offered by Panthor, which is the C driver for the same hardware. Daniel Almeida There isn't much to add here, except maybe this kitten.

The most popular desktop operating system today is still Windows, with its userbase roughly equally divided between Windows 10 and Windows 11. While we tend to focus on the marketing names used by Microsoft, like Windows XP, Windows 7, or Windows 11, their real name is still, to this day, Windows NT. Underneath all the marketing names, there's still the Windows NT version number corresponding to the marketing name; Windows XP was Windows NT 5.1 (or 5.2 for the 64bit version), Windows 7 was Windows NT 6.1, and the current latest version, Windows 11, is Windows NT 10.0, a version number that's been static since 2015. Of course, version numbers don't really mean anything, but it does highlight that yes, the Windows you're using is still Windows NT, and thus, the operating system you're using isn't a part of the Windows 3.x/9x line, but of the NT line. And probably the first version of Windows NT that set us on this path is Windows NT 4.0 - with Windows 2000 sealing the deal, and Windows XP delivering the obvious knock-out punch. Since Windows NT 4.0 turned 29 years old a few days ago, Dave Farquhar published a retrospective of this release, highlighting many important changes in Windows NT 4.0 that in my mind mark it as the true beginning of the shift from Windows 9x to Windows NT as Microsoft's consumer operating system. First, Windows NT 4.0 was the first version of Windows NT that shipped with the user interface from Windows 95. It brought over the Start menu, taskbar, and everything else introduced with Windows 95 to the Windows NT line, which up until that point had been using the same user interface as Windows 3.x. A default Windows NT 4.0 desktop basically looks indistinguishable from a Windows 95 desktop, and like the earlier versions of NT, it came in a workstation edition for desktop use. Second, another massive, at the time controversial, change came with the graphics subsystem, as Farquhar notes: And one change, easily forgotten today, regarded graphics drivers. Microsoft moved the video subsystem from user space, ring 3, to kernel space, ring 0. There was a lot of talk about Ring 0 versus ring 3 on July 19, 2024 thanks to the large computer outage on that day. In 1996, this move was controversial, for the same reasons. The fear was that a malfunction in the graphics driver would now be able to take down the entire system. But the trade-off was much improved performance. It meant Windows NT 4.0 could be used for serious graphics work. Dave Farquhar Windows NT 4.0 delivered more than what's highlighted by Farquhar, of course. A major new feature in Windows NT 4.0 was DirectX, as it was the first Windows version to come with it preinstalled. DirectX support remained limited in NT 4.0, though, so Windows 9x remained the better option for most people playing video games. Other new features were the System Policy Editor and system policies, Sysprep, and, of course, a whole slew of low-level improvements to both the operating system itself as well as its various server-oriented features. Windows NT 4.0 also happened to be the last version of Windows NT which supported the Alpha, MIPS, and PowerPC architectures, although Windows 2000 retained support for Alpha in its alpha, beta, and release candidate versions. Of course, Windows would later expand its architecture support with first Itanium, and more recently, ARM. As someone who was selling and managing computer systems at the time, Farquhar has some great insights into why NT 4.0 was such a big deal, and why it seemed to fare better in the market than previous versions of Windows NT did. He also highlights on particular oddity from NT 4.0 that's still lurking around today, an oddity you really don't want to run into.

There's a lovely device called apistorm, an adapter board that glues a Raspberry Pi GPIO bus to a Motorola 68000 bus. The intended use case is that you plug it into a 68000 device and then run an emulator that reads instructions from hardware (ROM or RAM) and emulates them. You're still limited by the ~7MHz bus that the hardware is running at, but you can run the instructions as fast as you want. These days you're supposed to run a custom built OS on the Pi that just does 68000 emulation, but initially it ran Linux on the Pi and a userland 68000 emulator process. And, well, that got me thinking. The emulator takes 68000 instructions, emulates them, and then talks to the hardware to implement the effects of those instructions. What if we, well, just don't? What if we just run all of our code in Linux on an ARM core and then talk to the Amiga hardware? Matthew Garrett This is so cursed. I love it.

We are observing stealth crawling behavior from Perplexity, an AI-powered answer engine. Although Perplexity initially crawls from their declared user agent, when they are presented with a network block, they appear to obscure their crawling identity in an attempt to circumvent the website's preferences. We see continued evidence that Perplexity is repeatedly modifying their user agent and changing their sourceASNsto hide their crawling activity, as well as ignoring - or sometimes failing to even fetch -robots.txtfiles. The Internet as we have known it for the past three decades israpidly changing, but one thing remains constant: it is built on trust. There are clear preferences that crawlers should be transparent, serve a clear purpose, perform a specific activity, and, most importantly, follow website directives and preferences. Based on Perplexity's observed behavior, which is incompatible with those preferences, we have de-listed them as a verified bot and added heuristics to our managed rules that block this stealth crawling. The CloudFlare Blog Never forget they destroyed Aaron Swartz's life - literally - for downloading a few JSTOR articles.

It's not every day you stumble upon an X11 desktop environment you've never hard of, but today's one of those days. The Orbitiny Desktop Environment is a one-person project, consisting of an entirely custom desktop environment written in Qt. Version 1.0 Pilot 4 was just released. Built from the ground up usingQtand coded in C++,Orbitiny Desktopis a new, 100% portable, innovative and traditional but modern looking desktop environment for Linux.Innovativebecause it has featuresnot seen in any other desktop environment beforewhilekeeping traditional aspects of computing alive(desktop icons, menus etc). Portable because you can run it on any distro and on any live CD and that's because everything gets saved inside the directory that gets created when the archive is extracted (this can be changed so that the settings go to $HOME/.config/orbitiny). Orbitiny Desktop Environment Gitea page It's got all the usual amenities like a desktop, panels, and so on, and a custom file manager. It's also replete with a ton of small features that you don't see very often, like full mouse gesture support on the desktop and a device managerthat can enable/disable devices without blacklisting kernel modules. When you cut or copy a file, its icon will get a little emblem to indicate it's on the clipboard, you can append and prepend files using simple drag-and-drop operations, you can set individual desktop directories for each virtual desktop, and much more. Now, it's technically not a full desktop environment, because it doesn't have things like a session manager, power manager, various hardware configuration panels, and so on, but it can be run on top of existing desktop environments. While it has basic Wayland support, not all components work there, so X11 is the main focus for now. Considering it's a one-person project, you can't expect a bug or issue-free experience, but that doesn't mean it's any less damn impressive. I honestly feel like there's something valuable and interesting here, and I'd love for more people to get involved to see where this can go. There's clearly a ton of love and dedication here, and the various unique features clearly set it apart from everything else. If you have the skills, consider helping out.

Solene Rapenne, who writes a lot about and contributes to operating systems like OpenBSD and Qubes OS, has published a primer about what, exactly, Qubes OS is. I like to call Qubes OS a meta operating system, because it is not a Linux / BSD / Windows based OS: its core is Xen (some kind of virtualization enabled kernel). Not only it's Xen based, but by design it is meant to run virtual machines, hence the name meta operating system" which is an OS meant to run many OSes make sense to me. Solene Rapenne Rapenne explains the various ways in which isolated virtual machines are used in Qubes OS, and it's easy to see just how secure Qubes OS' way of doing things is. At the same time, it seems quite cumbersome to me as a regular user, and I don't think I'm up for dealing with all of that. If you do security research, handle private or classified data, are a whistleblower or an investigative journalist, thoug, Qubes seems like a natural choice. Interesting to note is that Rapenne used to use OpenBSD for her security work, but moved to Qubes OS because its virtual machine infrastructure is far more robust, and hardware support is better, as well.

In October 1997 you could have bought a PowerBook 3400c running up to a 240MHz PowerPC 603e for $6500 , which was briefly billed as the world's fastest laptop, or you could have bought this monster new to the market, the RDI PrecisionBook running up to a 160MHz (later 180MHz) PA-7300LC starting at $12,000 . Both provided onboard Ethernet, SCSI and CardBus PCMCIA slots. On the other hand, while the 3400c had an internal media bay for either a floppy or CD-ROM, both external options on the PrecisionBook, the PrecisionBook gave you a 1024*768 LCD (versus 800*600 on the 3400c), a bigger keyboard, at least two 2.5'' hard disk bays and up to 512MB of RAM (versus 144MB) - and HP-UX. And, through the magic of Apple's official Macintosh Application Environment, you could do anything on it an HP PA-RISC workstation could do and run 68K Mac software on it at the same time. Look at the photograph and see: on our 160MHz unit we've got HP-UX 11.00 CDE running simultaneously with a full Macintosh System 7.5.3 desktop. Yes, only a real Power Mac could run PowerPC software back then, but 68K software was still plentiful and functional. Might this have been a viable option to have your expensive cake and eat it too? We'll find out and run some real apps on it (includingthatgame we must all try running), analyze its performance and technical underpinnings, and uncover an unusual artifact of its history hidden in the executable. Cameron Kaiser at Old Vintage Computing Research I actually have Apple's Macintosh Application Environment installed and running on my PA-RISC machines, and it's incredible just how well-made and complete it really is. You get a full Mac desktop and its applications, excellent integration with the host, file sharing between host and client, and so much more. Running it on newer versions of HP-UX than it was originally intended for does lead to the odd issue here and there, but due to HP-UX' excellent backwards compatibility, it all just works. It has created this odd situation that my 2004 HP c8000 machine, with two of the fastest dual-core PA-RISC processors ever made, will most likely be the fastest machine I'll ever officially run classic Mac OS on. Sure, you can use other emulators not created and blessed by Apple and run classic Mac OS on much faster hardware, but if you want to stick to official, supported methods of running the classic Mac OS, it doesn't get much faster than this.

AWS: Not even once. This prominent Ruby developer lost his entire test environment - which, ironically, was pivotal to AWS' own infrastructure - because of a rogue team within AWS itself that apparently answers to no one and worked hard to cover up a dumb mistake. On July 23, 2025, AWS deleted my 10-year-old account and every byte of data I had stored with them. No warning. No grace period. No recovery options. Just complete digital annihilation. This is the story of a catastrophic internal mistake at AWS MENA, a 20-day support nightmare where I couldn't get a straight answer to Does my data still exist?", and what it reveals about trusting cloud providers with your data. Abdelkader Boudih Nightmare scenario doesn't even begin to describe what happened here.

Security isn't exactly a strong point of X11, and improving it is one of the main reasons why Wayland is such a vast improvement over X11. Just one of the many examples of X11 being inherently insecure is that keyloggers are entirely trivial on X11, because keylogger functionality is effectively built into it. Of course, this isn't exactly news, and as Peter Hofmann details, there is an old X11 extension that adds somewhat rudimentary security to X11: theX11 SECURITY extension. This extension is part of every X.org installation, but it hasn't seen any meaningful work in a long, long time. What it does is allow you to do is set X11 clients as trusted" and untrusted", where untrusted clients cannot interact with tusted ones. This provides some basic security - it actually prevents keylogging! - but only very basic, as Hoffman notes: The thing is that it's immediately clear that this extension -in its current state- is not the answer to X11 is insecure": You only have two classes, trusted and untrusted. That's not enough. For example: When you run your browser as untrusted, you can't simultaneously run some sandboxed program (Snap, Flatpak, ...)in a meaningful way, because those two clients can spy on each other again. You want a proper per-client isolation instead. Sandboxing plays an important role here. If you run programs the traditional way" (i.e., full access to the filesystem and network), then an attacker can do all kinds of things and X11 keylogging is just one of a million concerns. Peter Hofmann but it also happens to break a lot of things, and many applications simply don't work with it at all. Oddly enough, Firefox has no issues with it, and will happily run in untrusted mode. The biggest problem, however, is that untrusted clients only have access to exactly two other X11 extensions, which leads to a whole host of problems, like no scaling, broken keyboard layouts, no 3D acceleration, and so on. On top of all of that, it breaks clipboard functionality, as anything copied in an untrusted client cannot be pasted anywhere else. As such, Hoffman concludes: In its current state, I'd say the SECURITY extension is somewhat useful", but more work would have to be done. Both in X.Org and in the clients. You would have to come up with a new clipboard protocol, for example. And the list goes on. (See where I'm going with this?) It's not that simple. Peter Hofmann Since pretty much nobody adopted it when this extension came out in the '90s, and it hasn't seen much work since, the amount of work that would be required to bring it up to modern standards would be astronomical, and trying to get clients to adopt it would probably prove fruitless considering Wayland already exists, and offers all of the potential security benefits and then some. People often claim it would be easy" to modernise X11, but just this one particular issue - security, kind of important - shows just how quickly the X11 house of cards comes crashing down if you try to do anything to drag it out of its '80s and '90s mindset.

Patchworkis a 64-bit monolithic NON-POSIX operating system for the x86_64 architecture that rigorously follows a everything is a file" philosophy. Built from scratch in C it takes many ideas from Unix, Plan9, DOS and others while simplifying them and sprinkling in some new ideas of its own. PatchworkOS GitHub page Patchwork is a surprisingly advanced operating system considering it's a hobby project. It has multithreading with aconstant-time scheduler, fully preemptive mutitasking, SMP, file-based IPC (includingpipes,shared memory,socketsand Plan9 inspired signals" callednotes), and much more. It also uses a Linux-style VFS and has a custom C standard library. On top of that, there's a modular window manager that supports themes, in which everything is a window, and so much more. It supports x86_64, but only supports running in RAM. It's licensed under the MIT license.

Claude Code has considerably changed my relationship to writing and maintaining code at scale. I still write code at the same level of quality, but I feel like I have a new freedom of expression which is hard to fully articulate. Claude Code has decoupled myself from writing every line of code, I still consider myself fully responsible for everything I ship to Puzzmo, but the ability to instantly create a whole scene instead of going line by line, word by word is incredibly powerful. Orta Therox Oh sweet Summer child. As a former translator, I can tell you that's how it starts. As time goes on, your clients or your manager will demand more and more code from you. You will stop checking every line to meet the deadlines. Maybe you just stop checking the boilerplate at first, but it won't stay that way. As pressure to be more productive" mounts, you'll start checking fewer and fewer lines. Before you know it, your client or manager will just give you entire autogenerated swaths of code, and your job will be to just go over it, making sure it kind of works. Before long, you realise there are fewer and fewer of you. Younger and less-skilled developers" can quickly go over autogenerated code just as well as you do - but they're way cheaper. You see the quality of the code you sign off on deteriorate rapidly, but you have no time, and not enough pay, to rewrite the autogenerated code. It works, kind of, and that will have to be enough. The autogenerated codebases you're supposed to be checking and fixing are so large now, you're no longer even really checking anything anymore. Quick, cursory glances, that's all you have time for and can afford. Documentation and commenting code went out the window a long time ago, and every line of code scrolling across your screen is more tech debt you don't care about, because it's not your code anyway. And then it hits you. There's no skill here. There's no art here. You're no longer a programmer. There's no career prospects. Scrolling past shitty autogenerated code day in, day out, without the time or pay to wrangle it into something to be proud of, is the end of the line for you. Speak up about it, and you'll be replaced by someone cheaper. The first time I was given a massive pile of autotranslated text to revise, without enough time and pay to ensure I was delivering a quality product, I quit and left the translation industry instantly. Like programming, translating is part skill, part art, and I didn't get two university degrees in language and translation just to deliver barely passable trash. I took pride in my work, and I wasn't going to let anyone put my name under a garbage product. Programmers, you're next. Will you have the stones to stand by your art?

Wayback has been barely announced, and the first version 0.1 has barely left git, but it's already time for version 0.2. It won't surprise you to find out this isn't some massive release, and you'd be right. It really only addresses a few very small bugs, while the developers also take the opportunity to highlight Wayback is now available on Gentoo GURUand Nixpkgs.

If there's one thing Microsoft is good at, it's creating weird variants of Windows with odd names that tech media talk about for like a day, after which everyone, especially Microsoft, forgets they even exist. Usually, these weird Windows variants are the result of either legal requirements, or, more commonly, of perceived threats to Windows' dominance on the desktop. An example of the former are the various N" editions of Windows, while an example of the latter is the one we're talking about today: Windows 11 SE. I honestly had completely forgotten Windows 11 SE existed, and most likely you did, too. Windows 11 SE was (one of) Microsoft's response(s) to the growing popularity of Chromebooks in schools, and as such, this Windows variant omitted a bunch of features for performance and distraction reasons, stored files in OneDrive instead of locally, was locked down so only administrators could control which applications could be used, and so on. In fact, unless specifically whitelisted, Windows 11 SE would not run any Win32 or UWP applications - everything had to be either a PWA or a website. Notably, it was only available in combination with a few specific devices. The past tense in the preceding paragraph should be a dead giveaway of what's happening. Yes, Microsoft just cancelled the whole thing, after being on the market for only a few years. Microsoft will not release a feature update after Windows 11 SE, version 24H2. Support for Windows 11 SE-including software updates, technical assistance, and security fixes-will end in October 2026. While your device will continue to work, we recommend transitioning to a device that supports another edition of Windows 11 to ensure continued support and security. Windows 11 SE support document In other words, if your school fell for Microsoft's sales pitch for Windows 11 SE, you're kind of screwed after October 2026, because Windows 11 SE only shipped on specific, low-cost, low-powered devices. You'd think other variants of Windows 11 will more or less run on those, too, but if not - or far too slowly - your school is now sitting on a pile of e-waste. Anybody want to run a betting pool for the Windows variant Microsoft will cancel next?