Science | The Guardian

Visible from Australia, across Asia and western Europe, a blood moon has been captivating stargazers. This marvel is caused when the Earth shades the moon from direct solar light, causing the moon to appear red.

Visible from Australia, across Asia, to western Europe, a blood moon has been captivating stargazers. This marvel is caused when the Earth shades the moon from direct solar light, causing the moon to appear red Continue reading...

For people with lower levels of the enzyme required to metabolise clopidogrel, aspirin remains the better option - a personalised approach is required, write Dr Ronnie Ramlogan, Dr Dimitri Gagliardi, Dr Luigi Venetucci, Dr Abisope Akintola, Dr Cinzia Dello Russo and Prof Sir Munir PirmohamedYour article (Doctors find drug that is better than aspirin at preventing heart attacks, 31 August) is of great interest. It cites a study that proposes replacing aspirin, the cornerstone of antiplatelet therapy for individuals at high risk of heart attacks and strokes, with clopidogrel. We must point out, however, that clopidogrel does not work uniformly across individuals. Although mentioned in the Lancet publication, it was only lightly considered in the Guardian article.Clopidogrel is a prodrug. To work, it needs to be metabolised by a liver enzyme that varies in the population because of variations in the CYP2C19 gene. Most individuals have normal" or supra-normal" levels of the enzyme and clopidogrel works as expected. However, intermediate metabolisers" activate clopidogrel less efficiently and poor metabolisers" struggle to activate clopidogrel at all. For these people, clopidogrel may not provide enough protection against heart attacks or strokes. Continue reading...

Russian leader's claim that people can get younger' through repeated organ transplants has raised eyebrowsPerhaps it was the extravagant display of deadly weaponry that prompted Xi Jinping and Vladimir Putin to mull on mortality at this week's military parade in Beijing.It was more banter than serious discussion, but with both aged 72, the Chinese president and his Russian counterpart may feel the cold hand on the shoulder more than Kim Jong-un, the 41-year-old North Korean leader who strolled beside them. Continue reading...

The satellite will turn deep red as the Earth passes between the sun and the moon at about 7.30pm on SundayA rare total lunar eclipse blood moon" will be visible from the UK on Sunday night for the first time since 2022.The moon is expected to turn a deep, dark red as the Earth passes directly between the sun and the moon, casting its shadow across the lunar surface. Continue reading...

As scientific institutions and truths come under attack in the US, how well protected is Australia against the assault on science and facts?

Russian leader was caught musing about immortality with Xi Jinping but his fascination with long life is nothing newIt was the stuff of Bond villains. Two ageing autocrats, their younger ally in tow, ambled down a red-carpeted ramp before a military parade in Beijing when a hot mic picked up a question that seemed to be on their minds: how long could they keep going - and, between the lines, might science allow them to rule for ever?With advances in technology, Russia's Vladimir Putin assured Xi Jinping via his translator that human organs can be constantly transplanted, to the extent that people can get younger, perhaps even immortal". Continue reading...

Device could replace deep brain stimulation and may also help with Tourette syndrome, Alzheimer's and depressionAn ultrasound helmet" offers potential new ways for treating neurological conditions without surgery or other invasive procedures, a study has shown.The device can target brain regions 1,000 times smaller than ultrasound can, and could replace existing approaches such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) in treating Parkinson's disease. It also holds potential for conditions such as depression, Tourette syndrome, chronic pain, Alzheimer's and addiction. Continue reading...

West Australians should get particularly good views, but the eclipse will be visible from the whole country given favourable weather

Shift from fossil fuels could lower deaths from particle pollution in some states by 19% in five years, study findsEfforts to improve the climate could reduce the number of deaths caused by air pollution in the US by about 6,000 people a year by 2030, according to a study. If action is not taken, the situation is predicted to worsen. This is because of a growing and ageing population who are more vulnerable to the impacts of air pollution, resulting in nearly 13,000 increased air pollution deaths in 2030 compared with 2015.The research, led by Princeton University, looked at pollution sources and population. These revealed health gains from climate actions across every US state and, more locally, in nearly every US county. Continue reading...

Airborne particles cause toxic clumps of proteins in brain that are hallmarks of Lewy body dementia, study indicatesFine-particulate air pollution can drive devastating forms of dementia by triggering the formation of toxic clumps of protein that destroy nerve cells as they spread through the brain, research suggests.Exposure to the airborne particles causes proteins in the brain to misfold into the clumps, which are hallmarks of Lewy body dementia, the third most common form of dementia after Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Continue reading...

Jean Innes says it is time for new chapter' at AI research body, after staff revolt and government calls for changeThe chief executive of the UK's leading artificial intelligence institute is stepping down after a staff revolt and government calls for a strategic overhaul.Jean Innes has led the Alan Turing Institute since 2023, but her position has come under pressure amid widespread discontent within the organisation and a demand from its biggest funder, the UK government, for a change in direction. Continue reading...

British founder of Quantinuum doubles value of stake with excitement growing over technology's transformative potential'A British quantum computing entrepreneur has doubled the value of his stake in the business he founded to $2bn (1.5bn), after the company achieved a $10bn valuation in its latest fundraising.Ilyas Khan, 63, is the founder of Quantinuum, a UK-US firm that announced on Thursday it had raised $600m as investor interest builds in the cutting-edge technology. Continue reading...

Psychologists have traditionally believed we become less curious as we age, but recent research has shown that curiosity actually becomes more targeted and specific in our later years. To find out why this happens, and how maintaining broad curiosity into older age can help keep our brains young, Madeleine Finlay hears from Dr Mary Whatley, an assistant professor of psychology at Western Carolina University, and Dr Matthias Gruber, of Cardiff University's Brain Imaging CentreSupport the Guardian: theguardian.com/sciencepod Continue reading...

Review says ministers have only small chance' of wiping out bovine tuberculosis by 2038 without more investmentLabour can end the badger cull but only with a Covid-19 style focus on testing and vaccinating, the author of a government-commissioned report has said.Ministerial plans to stop the shooting of the animals can be achieved but at a cost to the Treasury, the report warns. Continue reading...

Researchers say low- and no-calorie sweeteners appear to affect thinking and memory in middle ageSweeteners found in yoghurts and fizzy drinks can damage people's ability to think and remember, and appear to cause long-term harm" to health, research has found.People who consumed the largest amount of sweeteners such as aspartame and saccharin saw a 62% faster decline in their cognitive powers - the equivalent to their having aged 1.6 years, researchers say. Continue reading...

Study finds scrollers are more prone to piles than those who go to the lavatory without phonesPeople who take a mobile phone to the loo should keep to a two TikTok limit, according to doctors who found that toilet scrollers are more prone to haemorrhoids than phoneless lavatory-goers.Those who sit on the throne with a phone spend far more time on the toilet than others, with longer stints linked to a greater risk of developing the bulging anal veins known as haemorrhoids or piles. Continue reading...

President says national security operations in space will be based in state he won comfortably, reversing Biden decisionDonald Trump made his first public appearance in a week on Tuesday to announce that the US Space Command (Spacecom) headquarters, which is tasked with leading national security operations in space, would be in the Republican stronghold of Alabama.Flanked by Republican senators and members of Congress at a White House news conference, Trump said Huntsville, Alabama, would be the new location of the space command. The move reverses a Biden administration decision to put the facility at its current temporary headquarters in Democratic-leaning Colorado. Continue reading...

Director general of Cern in the 1980s who went on to establish the Sesame laboratory in JordanThe German physicist Herwig Schopper, who has died aged 101, was director general of Cern, the European Organisation for Nuclear Research, from 1981 to 1988, overseeing the laboratory's first Nobel prize-winning discovery and paving the way to another. It was thanks to Herwig's tenacity that the laboratory laid the foundations - literally - for what would become the Large Hadron Collider.On his retirement in 1989, Herwig embarked on a second career, applying his experience of international science to the field of diplomacy. Working closely with Unesco, he played a key role in establishing the Sesame laboratory in Jordan: a new Cern to sow seeds of peace in a troubled region. Continue reading...

When things are grim, the promises made by the wellness industry sound very appealing. I worry about how vulnerable this has made meOrdinarily, I'm a sensible person - at least part-time. A journalist, an asker of questions, a checker of sources. Historically, a big fan of research.But three years into a debilitating chronic illness, I am willing to try anything to get well. Even things that would have once made me roll my eyes. Chromotherapy, sound baths, mushroom extract. Reiki, leg compression boots, strategic humming. Continue reading...

The unprecedented find has shifted archaeological understanding about the first civilisations in the AmericasArchaeologists in Peru have discovered a multicoloured three-dimensional wall that could date back 4,000 years, in an unprecedented find that has shifted archaeological understanding about the first civilisations in the Americas.The centrepiece of the three-by-six metre wall carving is a stylistic depiction of a large bird of prey with outstretched wings, its head adorned with three-dimensional diamond motifs that visually align the south and north faces of the mural. It is covered with high-relief friezes and features designs painted in blue, yellow, red and black. Continue reading...

Sighting by James Webb space telescope of black hole with sparse halo of material could upend theories of the universeAn ancient and nearly naked" black hole that astronomers believe may have been created in the first fraction of a second after the big bang has been spotted by the James Webb space telescope.If confirmed as a so-called primordial black hole, a theoretical class of object predicted to exist by Stephen Hawking but never before seen, the discovery would upend prevailing theories of the universe. Continue reading...

It's been a dramatic week at the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In the space of seven days, the agency's head was sacked and replaced by an interim head, four senior staff members resigned, and existing staff took to the streets to express support for their ousted leaders. To understand how everything unfolded and what it could mean for the health of Americans, science editor Ian Sample hears from health reporter Melody Schreiber and former CDC director Mandy CohenRFK Jr faces calls to quit as CDC chief fired and senior staff resign: an embarrassment'Support the Guardian: theguardian.com/sciencepod Continue reading...

Trial in only continent untouched by avian flu suggests jabs will be key to survival as migration season approachesIt is easy to imagine how it could happen. A petrel, flying east from the Indian Ocean at the end of the Austral winter, makes landfall at New Zealand's southern Codfish Island/Whenua Hou. Tired from its long journey, the petrel seeks refuge in the burrow of a green kkp: a critically endangered flightless species that is the world's fattest parrot.If the seabird intrudes when the kkp is primed to breed, the male parrot may attempt to mate with the smaller petrel, accidentally smothering it in the process. Continue reading...

Test detects memory problems linked to Alzheimer's long before typical diagnosis, raising possibility of earlier drug interventionA three-minute brainwave test can detect memory problems linked to Alzheimer's disease long before people are typically diagnosed, raising hopes that the approach could help identify those most likely to benefit from new drugs for the condition.In a small trial, the test flagged specific memory issues in people with mild cognitive impairment, highlighting who was at greater risk of developing Alzheimer's. Trials in larger groups are under way. Continue reading...

The solutions to today's partisan problemsEarlier today I set three gerrymandering logic puzzles. Here they are again with solutions.In each of the grids below, the challenge is to find the unique electoral map in which the minority colour wins the most regions. A region is defined as a contiguous block of cells that are joined either horizontally or vertically. (A region cannot contain any cells that are only connected diagonally, i.e. via a corner.) Winning a region means having the most cells in that region. Continue reading...

Bluesky posts referencing scholarly articles find substantially higher levels of interaction' than on Elon Musk's platformBluesky's growing status as the social media platform of choice for the world's scientists has been boosted by analysis suggesting research receives more engagement and original scrutiny than on Elon Musk's rival platform, X.A study examining 2.6m Bluesky posts referencing more than 500,000 scholarly articles over the past two and a half years found they demonstrated substantially higher levels of interaction" - likes, reposts, replies and quotes - and greater textual originality" than previously reported for X, formerly Twitter. Continue reading...

A politically partisan puzzleUPDATE: Click here for solutionsGerrymandering is the practice of redrawing the boundaries of political districts to favour certain parties or politicians.On Friday, Texas governor Greg Abbott signed a new redistricting bill with a gerrymandered map that will heavily favour Republicans - and California governor Gavin Newsom plans to retaliate by doing the same in his state for Democrats. Continue reading...

Research shows arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy can be detected up to five years before diagnosis by other meansA simple cheek-swab test can identify children with a potentially deadly heart condition, five years before they would normally be diagnosed, research has found.Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), which is typically genetic, is responsible for more than 10% of sudden cardiac deaths in children. Continue reading...

One of the oldest recognised constellations, it appears on Babylonian clay tablets and Ptolemy's second-century listFor those of us in the northern hemisphere, September is an excellent time to search for the faint constellation of Capricornus, the sea goat, one of the oldest recognised constellations. It appears on Ptolemy's second-century list of 48, and even before that on Babylonian clay tablets that date from a few thousand years BC.Capricornus is depicted to be a chimera, a mythical creature containing the body and head of a goat and the tail of a fish. In Greek mythology it is often associated with Amalthea, who hid the young Zeus from his child-devouring father, Cronos, or Pan the shepherd god. Continue reading...

Research finds 76% higher risk for 15-year-olds with dysmenorrhorea than those without painful mensesTeenagers who have moderate or severe period pain are much more likely to develop chronic pain as adults, according to research.Researchers said the findings should serve as a wake-up call to improve menstrual education, reduce stigma, and ensure young people have access to effective support and treatment early on. Continue reading...

Discovery that clopidogrel is a more effective blood thinner could transform health guidelines worldwideDoctors have found a drug that is better than aspirin at preventing heart attacks and strokes, in a discovery that could transform health guidelines worldwide.For decades, millions of people have been advised to take aspirin to reduce their risk of experiencing a serious cardiovascular event. A daily low-dose aspirin makes blood less sticky and helps prevent heart attacks and strokes. Continue reading...

GLP-1 agonists could be given to millions with heart conditions to help them stay out of hospital and live longerWeight loss drugs can reduce by half the risk of heart patients being hospitalised or dying early, according to the largest study of its kind.The class of drugs, known as GLP-1 agonists, have been found to offer dramatic benefits" to heart patients, significantly cutting their risk of falling seriously ill or dying prematurely from any cause. Continue reading...

Climate.gov, which went dark this summer, to be revived by volunteers as climate.us with expanded missionEarlier this summer, access to climate.gov - one of the most widely used portals of climate information on the internet - was thwarted by the Trump administration, and its production team was fired in the process.The website offered years' worth of accessibly written material on climate science. The site is technically still online but has been intentionally buried by the team of political appointees who now run the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Continue reading...

When my mother, Jenny Cox, who has died aged 86 of cancer, was admitted to hospice care, she told staff of her passions: her grandchildren and great-grandchildren, plants and the great outdoors - and her concertinas.She also brought up an old injustice. An adventurous botanist, in her 20s Jenny had planned to do a PhD on the flora of the inhospitable island of South Georgia, in the south Atlantic. However, the British Antarctic Survey vetoed it: no unmarried women. A feminist fire was lit. Jenny's marriage to my father, Peter, lasted more than 60 years. A hands-on mother of three sons, she retrained as a teacher and worked in primary schools in Bristol. Continue reading...

Hundreds of staff gathered outside the CDC headquarters in Atlanta on Thursday to support the public health leaders who resigned, or were fired by the Trump administration, in recent days. Three of the four senior leaders who resigned yesterday, Debra Houry, Demetre Daskalakis and Daniel Jernigan, spoke at the demonstration

First global systematic review finds vaccine associated with 18% lower risk of stroke or heart attack in adultsGetting the shingles vaccine could lower your risk of a heart attack or stroke by as much as 20%, according to the first study of its kind.Shingles is a common condition affecting millions worldwide that causes a painful rash and can lead to serious problems such as deafness, long-lasting pain and blindness. It is more likely to cause serious problems in older age groups. Continue reading...

Scientists say shocking' discovery shows rapid cuts in carbon emissions are needed to avoid catastrophic falloutThe collapse of a critical Atlantic current can no longer be considered a low-likelihood event, a study has concluded, making deep cuts to fossil fuel emissions even more urgent to avoid the catastrophic impact.The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (Amoc) is a major part of the global climate system. It brings sun-warmed tropical water to Europe and the Arctic, where it cools and sinks to form a deep return current. The Amoc was already known to be at its weakest in 1,600 years as a result of the climate crisis. Continue reading...

Gains in cutting deaths from tuberculosis at risk as health officials warn clinics forced to ration drugs and testingMalawi is facing a critical shortage of tuberculosis drugs, with health officials warning that stocks will run out by the end of September.It comes just months after the World Health Organization (WHO) revealed that the country had successfully reduced tuberculosis (TB) cases by 40% over the past decade. Continue reading...

There are increasing reports of people experiencing delusions after intensive use of AI chatbots. The phenomenon, dubbed AI psychosis', has raised concerns that features built into large language models may contribute to some users losing touch with reality. Madeleine Finlay speaks to Dr Hamilton Morrin, a psychiatrist and researcher at King's College London, about his recent preprint exploring who is at risk and how models could be made saferClips: CBS, BBC, NBC Continue reading...

Extravagant armour and tail weaponry on Spicomellus afer fossil confound existing theories of how the species evolvedTank-like physique, bristling with body armour and a collar of spikes the length of golf clubs, Spicomellus afer looks more like a Pokemon creation than a living creature. This bizarre dinosaur roamed the flood plains of what is now north Africa 165m years ago, palaeontologists have revealed.The fossil, the oldest known ankylosaur specimen, was unearthed near the central Moroccan town of Boulemane. Its extravagant armour has confounded existing theories of how the ankylosaurs, a major group of plant-eating dinosaurs, evolved. Continue reading...

A professor teamed up with student musicians to inspire interest in data about the catastrophic scale' of the crisisA university professor has set her team's research on the plight of Florida's declining oyster population to music, aiming to inform a receptive new audience about the catastrophic" scale of the crisis.Heather O'Leary, professor of anthropology at St Petersburg's University of South Florida (USF), partnered with student composers and faculty from its music department to create Oysters Ain't Safe, a soft jazz alternative to crunching data into a boring" technical report. Continue reading...

Researchers say findings show need for conservation efforts to focus on nutritional diversityWild bees strategically visit different flowers to balance their intake of protein, fat and carbohydrates, a study has found.A team of ecologists observed eight species of wild bumblebees in the Colorado Rockies over eight years to develop a comprehensive nutritional map. Continue reading...

Astounding study of rocks formed from foundry waste on Cumbrian coast could throw geological precepts into doubtRocks take thousands to millions of years to be made, right? Wrong. Researchers have discovered that industrial waste has forged itself into rock over the course of just a few decades. This astounding discovery, made at Derwent Howe on the UK's Cumbrian coast, challenges theories about how rocks are formed.The rocks, which are a glassy texture and blue-grey colour, are made from slag, leftover from the iron and steel-making foundries that operated near Derwent Howe in the 19th and 20th centuries. Samples show the rocks contain many of the chemicals found in ordinary sedimentary rocks, but in this case hardened into solid rock within 35 years. An aluminium drinks tab dating to 1989 or later and a 1934 George V coin, fused into the new rock, are proof of its rapid formation. Continue reading...

Sharks could struggle to feed themselves efficiently in future, affecting marine ecosystem stability, researchers saySharks without teeth might sound like the stuff of dreams to swimmers and surfers. Now a new study has found that ocean acidification could leave the apex predators without their critical survival weapon.Shark jaws carry several rows of teeth and new ones quickly push forward to replace losses. However, rapidly acidifying oceans are damaging shark teeth and could speed losses past replacement rates. Sharks with bad teeth could struggle to feed themselves efficiently, potentially affecting shark populations and marine ecosystem stability", the study said. Continue reading...

Third time was the charm on for the launch of SpaceX's Starship megarocket, after the launch had been scrubbed two times in as many days. The 10th test flight comes after a string of explosive failures that raised doubts about whether the world's most powerful launch vehicle can fulfil founder Elon Musks's vision of colonising Mars or helping Nasa return astronauts to the moon

Test flight comes after explosive failures raised doubts over founder Elon Musk's goals to reach Mars and moonThird time was the charm on Tuesday for the launch of SpaceX's Starship megarocket after the launch had been scrubbed two times in as many days. The success of this 10th flight proved the spacecraft had overcome its past failures key to the Mars rocket's reusable design.The stainless steel behemoth, 403ft (123 meters) tall, lifted off from the company's Starbase in southern Texas at 6.30pm local time (2330 GMT), to loud cheers from engineering teams, a webcast showed. This mission was to be a test of the ship's new heat shield tiles and satellite deployment abilities, among hundreds of other upgrades from past iterations. Continue reading...

After a couple of postponements, Elon Musk's SpaceX will make another attempt to launch its enormous Starship rocket for a third time to achieve several long-sought development milestones missed due to past tests ending in early failures Continue reading...

Research reveals why single fermentation beers sometimes lack the thick, stable foam of other pub favouritesA flat pint of beer with no head is a common gripe among pub-goers. And while the bar staff's pint-pulling technique is often assumed to be the cause, scientists have discovered that the stability of beer foam is also highly dependent on the chemical makeup of the brew.Triple fermented beers have the most stable foams, the study found, while the froth created by single fermentation beers, including lagers, are inherently more likely to collapse before you have time to take the first sip. Continue reading...

Results suggest brain co-evolved with manual dexterity, say scientists, with humans by no means the outlierBig hands might mean big feet, but it seems long thumbs are linked to large brains - at least in primates.Researchers say the results suggest the brain co-evolved with manual dexterity in such mammals. Continue reading...