The former intelligence officer David Grusch says he faced very brutal' retaliation after going public with claims that the US government conducted a multi-decade programme that collected, and attempted to reverse engineer, crashed UFOs.Grusch took part in a congressional hearing where he laid out allegations against his former employee, stating information came from multiple colleagues but that he could not go 'into specifics' over the cover-up claims

British professor elected chair of UN's expert panel, which warned in March that 1.5C threshold could be hit in 10 yearsThe British professor Jim Skea has been elected to head the UN's climate expert panel, taking the helm of the organisation charged with distilling the best science to guide global policy in a crucial decade in human history.Skea, who is a professor of sustainable energy at Imperial College London and who co-chaired the report on solutions in the panel's latest round of publications, said in a statement he was humbled" to have been elected chair at a meeting of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in Nairobi, Kenya. Continue reading...

Rare volcanic blasts of kimberlites happen about 25m years after continental plates tear apart, researchers findPowerful volcanic eruptions that blast diamonds high into the sky and scatter the precious stones across the Earth's surface have long mystified researchers. But now, scientists have worked out what unfolds more than 100 miles underground to propel the crystals upwards with such spectacular force.The work sheds light on the enigmatic processes that cause the rare eruptions and where diamond-rich deposits are most likely to be found. Continue reading...

You all told us it would be bad but did you think it would get this bad this fast?

Research suggests iron and steel industry waste could be used to lock away carbon for millenniaAs recent extreme weather events in the northern hemisphere have demonstrated, global heating is so far advanced that we will have to rely on some forms of carbon capture to prevent the worst impacts of the climate emergency.Research presented at the Goldschmidt conference in Lyon, France, this month suggests that slag, the waste produced by the iron and steel industry, could be used to lock away carbon dioxide for thousands of years. Continue reading...

Loss of communications with International Space Station forced Nasa to rely on Russian systems insteadA power outage at Nasa's building in Houston disrupted communication between mission control and the International Space Station (ISS) on Tuesday, forcing the space agency to rely on backup control systems for the first time.The outage meant mission control lost command, telemetry and voice communications with the station in orbit. The power outage hit as upgrade work was under way in the building at Houston's Johnson Space Center. Continue reading...

Zambia study finds egg variability and random nest selection by cuckoos helps fork-tailed drongos rumble impostorsCuckoos might be the ultimate avian con artists, laying lookalike eggs in the nests of other birds to avoid raising their own young, but researchers say at least one potential victim is remarkably good at rumbling the fraud.Scientists studying the African cuckoo have revealed that while the birds are able to produce almost identical-looking eggs to those of the fork-tailed drongo, the latter is likely to reject an impostor egg about 94% of the time. Continue reading...

The thing about doppelgangers is that despite looking almost identical, they aren't biologically related. So, what makes them appear so similar? How do totally different people end up with the same face? And, can studying doppelgangers tell us anything about the age-old question of nature v nurture? Madeleine Finlay speaks to Dr Manel Esteller to find out Continue reading...

People could live longer if they make changes such as managing stress and avoiding cigarettes, study findsAdopting eight lifestyle changes, such as eating well and getting a good night's sleep, could add more than 20 years to your life, research suggests.The study found that people were likely to live longer when they made only minor changes, even if they delayed embracing the healthier habits until middle age.Eat well.Avoid cigarettes.Get a good night's sleep.Be physically active.Manage stress.Avoid binge drinking.Be free from opioid addiction.Have positive social relationships. Continue reading...

We should think of the cosmos as more like an animal than a machineIt is hard to come to terms with the sheer scale of space: hundreds of billions of stars in our galaxy and, at a minimum, trillions of galaxies in the universe. But to a cosmologist there is something even more intriguing than the boggling numbers themselves, which is the question of how all these stars and galaxies were created over a period of 13.8 billion years. It's the ultimate prehistoric adventure. Life cannot evolve without a planet, planets do not form without stars, stars must be cradled within galaxies, and galaxies would not exist without a richly structured universe to support them. Our origins are written in the sky, and we are just learning how to read them.It once seemed that, for all its immensity, the cosmos could be understood through the application of a small number of rigid physical laws. Newton encapsulated this idea, showing how apples falling from trees and planetary orbits around our sun arise from the same force, gravity. This kind of radical unification of earthly and heavenly phenomena survives in modern teaching: all the innumerable molecules, atoms and subatomic particles in the universe are expected to obey the same set of laws. Most of the evidence suggests that this assumption holds true, so it should follow that perfecting our understanding of these laws will resolve any remaining questions about cosmic history. Continue reading...

Negotiations stalling over London's request to quit atomic research organisation and for financial rebateThe UK's return to the EU's 85bn Horizon science research programme appears to be hanging by a thread after London's request to quit the associated atomic research organisation, Euratom.The delays are causing huge anxiety in the scientific community. Continue reading...

Extreme weather puzzlesIf you are reading this during your UK staycation, there's a good chance it's bucketing down. Or at least drizzling. If you are on holiday in the Med, you are probably uncomfortably hot. Puzzled by the weather? Try these weather puzzles:1. The weather forecast Continue reading...

The solutions to today's puzzlesToday I set you the following puzzles about the weather.1. The weather forecastThrow it off the top and time how long it takes to reach the bottomMeasure its shadow, and compare to the shadow of the buildingGive it as a gift to someone who knows the answer already, such as the architect or building manager. Continue reading...

As the twilight gives way to night, the waxing gibbous moon and Antares will be shownThe silver light of the moon meets the blood red starlight of Antares this week. The chart shows the view looking due south at 22.00 BST on 28 July.As the twilight dims into the darkness of the night, the waxing gibbous moon and Antares will be revealed. To the eye, they will appear to be just one or two finger widths apart, when holding your hand at arm's length. In reality of course they are at vastly different distances. The moon is literally next door on the cosmic scale while Antares is way beyond our entire solar system, at a distance of about 550 light years from Earth. Continue reading...

Trafalgar Square monument would stand in stark contrast' to treatment codebreaker received in his lifetimeAn LGBTQ+ armed forces charity has backed proposals to erect a statue of the second world war codebreaker Alan Turing on Trafalgar Square's fourth plinth - a high-profile platform for contemporary art commissions.The defence secretary, Ben Wallace, originally made the suggestion in the House of Commons last week in response to an independent review into the service and experience of LGBTQ+ veterans who served under the pre-2000 ban on homosexuality in the armed forces. Continue reading...

The rocker astrophysicist is co-author of a three-dimensional atlas of Bennu, an asteroid explored by the Osiris-Rex probe in 2020A new book on the world's first complete atlas of an asteroid is set to be released by University of Arizona planetary science expert Dante Lauretta and the more unlikely figure of Queen's lead guitarist and little-known astrophysicist Brian May.The duo have teamed up to author Bennu 3-D: Anatomy of an Asteroid, a book that has been described as the first complete and three-dimensional atlas of an asteroid. Continue reading...

My journey into the world showed me that adventures are for me, tooWhen my mum handed me the notebook, I was excited. It was from a trip she'd taken in the 1970s, visiting her aunt in Omaha, Nebraska. I had just done the exact same trip - a flight to New York City, then a Greyhound bus across the Midwest. I had made this trip to research the ebb and flow of women's rights over a generation, but also to understand my mother better, and to tell the story of both in a book. This, therefore, was primary source gold: her private thoughts of that moment in time, perfectly preserved from nearly half a century ago.Or at least some of them were. Because when I took the thin yellow pad in my hands, the faded paper covered in her unmistakable scrawl, I began to notice something. Pages had been removed. Some had parts missing, neatly cut off, as if folded along the line of a ruler and defiantly torn away. It had been redacted by my mother, like a document of national security, and forced into the light by a freedom of information request, by me, her daughter. Continue reading...

Observer investigation shows that majority of Nice drug appraisals involve groups financially linked to maker of pharmaceuticalsDrug companies are systematically funding grassroots patient groups that lobby the NHS medicines watchdog to approve the rollout of their drugs, the Observer can reveal.An investigation by the Observer has found that of 173 drug appraisals conducted by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (Nice) since April 2021, 138 involved patient groups that had a financial link to the maker of the drug being assessed, or have since received funding. Continue reading...

Homo naledi was claimed to be artistic, make tools and bury its dead, but warring experts now ask, where's the evidence?It was an announcement that astounded the world of science and made headlines around the globe. Researchers reported last month that they had discovered burials, carved symbols and tools made by an ancient species of small-brained humans. The finds, in South Africa's Rising Star cave system, suggested Homo naledi displayed sophisticated behaviour almost a quarter of a million years before modern humans began making graves and art, even though this primitive species had brains little bigger than those of chimpanzees.The revelations were described online in papers that had still to be peer-reviewed but were nevertheless hailed by the authors as an intellectual revolution, a paradigm shift that challenged previous assumptions about human evolution. Religion and art were in our lineage long before we developed big brains, it was argued. Continue reading...

Charlotte Edwardes meets Kit Connor (11m12s); Marina Hyde implores us to stay angry about the Post Office scandal (1m32s); and Lily Scherlis explores the genesis of boundaries' in the world of therapy (35m25s) Continue reading...

Growing interest in native fungi as enthusiasts across New Zealand hunt for the unusual specimens, from gilled oyster mushrooms to fleshy brains'

Symptoms of infection can last two years, but researchers find no lasting cognitive impairment after individuals fully recoverThe so-called brain fog" symptom associated with long Covid is comparable to ageing 10 years, researchers have suggested.In a study by King's College London, researchers investigated the impact of Covid-19 on memory and found cognitive impairment highest in individuals who had tested positive and had more than three months of symptoms. Continue reading...

Kai Bird, author of American Prometheus, says technology is too dangerous to gamble with' and supports senator's attempt to bar itA biographer whose Pulitzer prize-winning book inspired the new movie Oppenheimer has expressed support for a US senator's attempt to bar the use of artificial intelligence in nuclear weapons launches.Humans must always maintain sole control over nuclear weapons," Kai Bird, author of American Prometheus, said in a statement reported by Politico. Continue reading...

Gavin Schmidt of Goddard Institute for Space Studies warns of likelihood of new high as heatwave bakes large parts of planetJuly will likely be Earth's hottest month in hundreds if not thousands of years, Gavin Schmidt, the director of Nasa's Goddard Institute for Space Studies, told reporters on Thursday, as a persistent heatwave baked swaths of the US south.Schmidt made the announcement during a meeting at Nasa's Washington headquarters that convened agency climate experts and other leaders, including Nasa administrator Bill Nelson and chief scientist and senior climate adviser Kate Calvin. Continue reading...

Is golf culture to blame? | Fish and chips in The Road to Wigan Pier | Derek Malcom's Magnum Fart | Coutts questionMy psychotherapy colleagues and I are fed up with the grim Jonah Hill situation being put down to the inadequacies of therapy, so it was nice to see Daisy Jones speaking to qualified therapists and putting some distance between unqualified opinions being shared via TikTok and the profoundly delicate and valuable work of long-term psychotherapy (Are Jonah Hill's texts really therapy speak'? I asked a therapist, 13 July). However, it's still grating that the unpleasant actions of a famous actor are being conflated with therapy at all. Hill plays a fair amount of golf, too - perhaps it's golf culture that's really to blame?

Males show fewer tooth-rake marks when mothers are present and have stopped breeding, research showsPost-menopausal killer whales protect their sons from getting injured in fights with other whales, scientists have found.The study showed that males showed fewer tooth-rake marks - scars left when whales scrape their teeth across another's skin - when their mother was still present and had stopped breeding. But the protective effect did not extend to daughters. Continue reading...

For years the corporate diktat has been that happiness must be achieved alone, but many are turning to communities for joyThere are 11-year-olds with dyed blue hair, ripped men in their 40s and dirtbag hipsters in their 20s, all hanging from plastic crimps on the walls of a high-ceilinged gym. As electronic dance music plays loudly, Gatorade and microbrews are being served to the audience. They dance and clap in unison. Some gather to chat and cheer at those climbing the walls around them. It's exuberant, anarchic, and although I am not a climber, I am in the middle of it, sitting cross-legged on the sweaty floor.I'm not attending the event, which was organized by a Brooklyn climbing gym, because I love dim lighting, relentless bass and beer - although I do like these things. I am here because my tween daughter has a gift for climbing, and my attending those competitions turned parties is a requirement - she's still a kid - but it also further connects us to this community. Watching her do beta" with dance-like hand and arm movements to figure out a climb before she gets on the wall or smile shyly at the crowd when she tops" and waves to her friends make me proud: she is thinking with her body, but also anchored in a group of enthusiasts I had never known of before she showed them to me. Continue reading...

As record temperatures spread across the world, Ian Sample sets out to understand what heat does to our bodies and what we can do to mitigate it without causing more damage to the environment. He visits Prof Lewis Halsey's team at the University of Roehampton and learns first-hand about the body's response to heat. He also hears from scientists Prof Jean Palutikof and Dr Aaron Bach about how we can adapt buildings and working conditions in a changing climate.Read more Guardian reporting on the climate crisis Continue reading...

A five-year study has revealed that regular and weekend-only exercise give similar cardiovascular health benefitsName: Weekend warriors.Age: The term weekend warrior" probably came out of the US, where, after the second world war, national guard reservists were seen as having it easy compared with regular soldiers on active duty. Continue reading...

White dwarf nicknamed Janus could be in transition from one element dominating at its surface to the other

Research published in journal Nature uncovers first genetic link to strong immunity against the illness

Australian Space Agency working to identify the mysterious cylinder that washed up on a remote beach 250km north of Perth

Searing temperatures from Spain to Greece underline that the climate emergency cannot be put on hold while other crises are prioritisedThe weather map of southern Europe remains a deep, sinister red, as the heat soars above 40C in places and closer to 50C in Sicily and Sardinia. In Madrid, some nights are equatorial rather than tropical, as the temperature stays above 25C. June was the hottest month recorded on Earth for 120,000 years. The hottest week came early this month. Very dangerous long-duration heat", to use the language of the recent alert issued by the US National Weather Service in Arizona, sums up the experience of the last few weeks across much of the northern hemisphere. Extreme heat, wildfires and floods are ravaging parts of the US, Canada, Japan, South Korea, India and China.Global heating is not the sole explanation for the hellish impact of Cerberus and Charon, the heatwaves named after mythical denizens of Hades. As in 2016 - the hottest year ever recorded - an emerging El Nino weather pattern is helping drive the barometer upwards. But each time this natural and sporadic event recurs, typically adding 0.2C to the average global temperature, it heats up a planet that is already warmer than before as a result of greenhouse gas emissions. Continue reading...

Weekend warriors' have similarly low risk of heart disease and stroke as those who spread out their physical activityPeople who fit an entire week's recommended exercise into a couple of days have a similarly low risk of heart disease and stroke as those who spread out their physical activity, researchers say.The results from a major study on weekend warriors" against more regular exercisers suggest that even when people are too busy to exercise in the working week, making up for the inactivity at the weekend can still improve cardiovascular health. Continue reading...

Alarming' reports of sudden rise in feline infectious peritonitis thought to point to more virulent strainThousands of cats have died in Cyprus, according to experts who are warning that a more virulent strain of a feline coronavirus is causing severe illness. Separately, dozens of cats have died after being infected with avian flu in Poland.The reports have raised questions about whether there is any connection between the rises in deaths and whether, given that many have pet cats at home, there is any evidence of an increased risk to people. Continue reading...

Discovery in China challenges view of early mammals as fodder' for dinosaurs, say researchersWhether they had sharp teeth, vicious claws or were simply enormous, dinosaurs were creatures to be feared. But a newly identified fossil shows that, at least sometimes, the underdog bit back.Experts revealed the 125m-year-old fossil that froze in time after being taken on by a small mammal a third of its size. They are tangled together, the mammal's teeth sunk into the beaked dinosaur's ribs, its left paw clasping the beast's lower jaw. Continue reading...

It is easy to despair as we leave one geological epoch and enter another. Our situation is dire, but we can address itLand temperatures have hit 60Cin Spain, satellite data shows, with tourists warned to stay off beaches throughout the Mediterranean. Across the pond, more than 100 million Americans are still under extreme heat warnings. When the heat dome" squatting over the south sent thermometers soaring to 56C in Death Valley , it was close to the hottest temperature ever recorded on Earth.The sea is little cooler, with Florida ocean temperatures well above 30C. Further north on land, people are being rescued by dinghies and helicopters from suburban streets as heavy rain causes flooding across Pennsylvania and New York and into New England. Vermont has declared a state of emergency. The National Weather Service has issued a tornado watch for parts of the midwest, and a severe thunderstorm watch for other states. Parts of Canada have been on fire for months.Gaia Vince is the author of Nomad Century: How to Survive the Climate Upheaval Continue reading...

The man who led the drive to create a not-for-profit Covid vaccine is now focusing on the deaths caused by global heating and pollutionI speak as a healthcare CEO, but also as a nature lover and as a grandfather," Pascal Soriot, chief executive of Britain's biggest drugmaker, AstraZeneca, told King Charles III and a select audience during London Climate Week at an event in the gothic grandeur of Guildhall.While the Covid-19 pandemic led to the loss of 7 million lives globally, Soriot says that the climate crisis and pollution cost us 7 million to 9 million lives every year". Continue reading...

As the International Seabed Authority gathers in Jamaica to thrash out regulations for mining the deep sea, Chris Michael of the Guardian's Seascape team gives Ian Sample the background to this highly contested decision. Ian also hears from the marine biologist Dr Diva Amon about why some scientists are sounding the alarmClips: CBCRead more Guardian reporting on this story from the Seascape team here. Continue reading...

Exclusive: strep A genome sequencing by Australian scientists will likely have implications for prevention and vaccine development

As results show 35% slowing in cognitive decline, health leaders say swift decisions crucial

While it is not a cure, proof that drugs can alter course of disease is regarded as significant triumph

Object at Green Head, 250km from Perth in Western Australia, could be from an Indian space rocket, experts said, but police say it is not hazardous

In our early romantic relationships, there is often a mismatch between the strength of our feelings and the stark reality. So why do they linger in our memories?Do you remember your first love? Mine had soulful eyes, a shy smile, and I thought he was beautiful. I spent months trying to put myself in Brad's way. He was in the same tutorial class at secondary school as me, so I enjoyed at least one daily encounter, and others could be manufactured if I walked a certain way to the lunch hall or chose my PE options wisely. I would note our meetings in my diary, where I gave Brad (not his real name) the codename Gregory", which I considered uncrackable and lush, probably because my mother admired Gregory Peck. (I later learned, when she asked me if I knew a boy called Gregory, that my mother had found my diary, but that's another story.) Brad was shy and he never went out with girls. I tormented myself with challenging metaphysical questions, such as, How well do I know Brad?" and, Do I really love him or is this an infatuation?" It stumped me how Brad did not see that he and I were perfect life partners. After two years of Brad remaining steadfastly unobtainable, I decided to go off him. My love ended as abruptly as it started.The following week, Brad caught me up on the path to maths. Will you go out with me?" he said. It seemed implausible to my 15-year-old self that the fates would work this way. Besides, being shy, I tended to underinterpret signals. Do you mean it?" I asked. No shit," he said. Continue reading...

Deneb, Vega and Altair, which star in a Chinese folk story, are riding high in the northern hemisphereThe most prominent star patterns are sometimes not constellations at all. Take the summer triangle. It is a prominent pattern of stars that rides high in the sky at this time of year in the northern hemisphere. The shape is composed of Deneb in Cygnus, the swan; Vega in Lyra, the lyre; and Altair in Aquila, the eagle. All three stars give out a blue-white light.It has been called the summer triangle in the west since at least 1913. Before that, the pattern was marked on 19th-century star charts. The term was popularised by the British astronomer Patrick Moore in the latter half of the 20th century. However, the triplet of stars has long been recognised by other cultures, featuring in, for example, a Chinese folk story about a cowherd and a weaver girl. Continue reading...

A vehicle dashcam and doorbell camera captured the moment when what appeared to be a green-hued meteor lined the night sky of the southern US states on Friday. The American Meteor Society, which observes and collects information on meteors, meteoric fireballs, meteoric trains and related meteoric phenomena, said it had received 49 reports of a fireball being seen from Atlanta to Texas Continue reading...

Negative mental chatter and anxious fantasies may not be all bad - they could bring benefits such as greater creativity and better healthI cannot remember a time when some large worry has not cast a shadow over my day. As a young child, I would lie awake fearing everything from the impending embarrassment of gym class, to the death of my parents, to the prospect of a nuclear holocaust. The form of my fears may have changed as I age, but the tendency to see disaster on the horizon has remained.I am far from alone in this: negative mental chatter and doom-laden fantasies are common characteristics of the personality trait neuroticism". Like other personality traits, this can measured using simple questions such as:Do you suffer from nerves"?Do you worry too long after an embarrassing experience?Are your feelings easily hurt?Are you often troubled by feelings of guilt?Are you an irritable person? Continue reading...

As advanced remedies emerge, the chief executive of Alzheimer's Research UK warns sufferers could miss out as the health service struggles to copeGroundbreaking new dementia drugs are likely to be the preserve of the rich while NHS patients will be subject to a massive postcode lottery" when they become available for the first time in the UK, according to the co-chair of the government's national mission to tackle the condition.Amid multiple scientific and pharmaceutical breakthroughs - the latest of which, donanemab, is to have its full clinical trial results published at a conference in the Netherlands on Monday - more research funding and the establishment of a dedicated government taskforce, it should be a promising time for tackling the disease that affects more than 850,000 people in Britain. Continue reading...

Coincidences are more likely to happen than we think - so we should expect the unexpected and avoid magical thinkingWhen the mathematician Dr Kit Yates sees a weather forecast predicting a 25% chance of rain, he packs an umbrella. When he meets someone who shares his birthday in a crowded room, he is not in the least surprised. And if he comes across an unfamiliar phrase, such as the Baader-Meinhof effect", he knows he is likely to encounter it again, very soon.One of the biggest things I learned from writing my book was that surprisingly unlikely things can and do happen, given enough opportunities," Yates says, referring to his new book, How to Expect the Unexpected. Continue reading...

Light from ancient galaxies took more than 13bn years to reach Nasa's 6.8bn James Webb probe and have provided scientists with stunning imagesIt took a remarkably long time for the light emitted by a group of ancient galaxies to reach the James Webb space telescope last year. Astronomers have calculated that the photons were in transit for more than 13bn years - almost the entire history of the cosmos - before they reached the orbiting observatory.The results are scientifically dramatic and have revealed that the universe was already deep into the process of star formation only a short time after its big bang birth - although the photographs themselves are scarcely stunning in appearance: a handful of smudges, a couple of glowing spheres and an image that has been described as a glowing dog bone. Continue reading...