The agreement names no adversary, but analysts say Iran and its regional network are central to the thinking behind it.

Saudi Arabia turns to Turkiye and Pakistan for defence ties, raising questions overreliance on the US.

It could set the stage for a profound transformation of regional security in the Gulf.

Gulf states are building overlapping partnerships that complement, rather than replace, the US security role.

Foreign, defence ministers and military chiefs from three countries to meet for first time since signing Mecca pact.