Mikhail Gorbachev: a divisive figure loved abroad but loathed at home

Despite being celebrated across liberal democracies, the former Soviet leader was reviled and unpopular in Russia

• Live reaction: tributes from world leaders after Mikhail Gorbachev's death

Until his very last day, Mikhail Gorbachev lived in a dual reality - loved and celebrated in Washington, Paris and London, but reviled by large numbers of Russians who never forgave him for the turbulence that his reforms unleashed.

His policy of glasnost', or openness, gave Russians previously unthinkable levels of freedom, but for many, his rule will be remembered by the dramatic plunge in living standards that followed.