Crises have split European voters into five ‘tribes’, survey suggests

Attitudes to climate, migration, global economic turmoil, Ukraine and Covid will dominate this year's elections, research indicates

Europe's voters are no longer divided into left or right, pro- or anti-EU camps, a survey suggests, but into five distinct tribes whose conflicting concerns are likely to dominate nearly 20 elections across the continent this year.

The polling suggests 2024's European parliament and national elections will be fought over attitudes to five major crises that have affected voters' lives in recent years: the climate emergency, the 2015 migration crisis, global economic turmoil, the war in Ukraine and Covid.