A Slow-Motion Section of the San Andreas Fault May Not be So Harmless After All
upstart writes:
Lesser known is the fact that the San Andreas comprises three major sections that can move independently. In all three, the plates are trying to move past each other in opposing directions, like two hands rubbing against each other. In the southern and the northern sections, the plates are locked much of the time -- stuck together in a dangerous, immobile embrace. This causes stresses to build over years, decades or centuries. Finally a breaking point comes; the two sides lurch past each other violently, and there is an earthquake. However in the central section, which separates the other two, the plates slip past each other at a pleasant, steady 26 millimeters or so each year. This prevents stresses from building, and there are no big quakes. This is called aseismic creep.
At least that is the story most scientists have been telling so far. Now, a study of rocks drilled from nearly 2 miles under the surface suggests that the central section has hosted many major earthquakes, including some that could have been fairly recent. The study, which uses new chemical-analysis methods to gauge the heating of rocks during prehistoric quakes, just appeared in the online edition of the journal Geology.
"This means we can get larger earthquakes on the central section than we thought," said lead author Genevieve Coffey, who did the research as a graduate student at Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. "We should be aware that there is this potential, that it is not always just continuous creep."
Journal Reference:
Genevieve L. Coffey, Heather M. Savage, Pratigya J. Polissar, et al. History of earthquakes along the creeping section of the San Andreas fault, California, USA, Geology (DOI: 10.1130/G49451.1)
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