Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)

On February 27, 2020, the Santa Clara County Public Health Department (SCCPHD) identified its first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated with probable community transmission (i.e., infection among persons without a known exposure by travel or close contact with a patient with confirmed COVID-19)

In the Seattle, Washington metropolitan area, where the first case of novel coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) in the United States was reported, a community-level outbreak is ongoing with evidence of rapid spread and high morbidity and mortality among older adults in long-term care skilled nursing facilities (SNFs).

Following identification of a case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a health care worker, 76 of 82 residents of a long-term care skilled nursing facility were tested for SARS-CoV-2; 23 (30.3%) had positive test results, approximately half of whom were asymptomatic or presymptomatic on the day of testing.

Based on preliminary U.S. data, people with select underlying health conditions (e.g. diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and chronic lung disease) and known risk factors for respiratory infections (e.g. smoking) appear to be at higher risk for severe disease (hospitalizations and admission to intensive care units) from COVID-19 than people without these conditions.

The Department of Defense model of human immunodeficiency virus care demonstrates that the goals of high antiretroviral therapy uptake and viral suppression can be achieved and maintained in a large health care system.

Erratum: Vol. 69, No. 11

From 1999-2000 to 2017-2018, the prevalence of obesity among persons aged 2-19 years increased from 13.9% to 19.3%, and the prevalence of severe obesity increased from 3.6% to 6.1%.

Work-related health problems affect a large number of the workers in the United States.

Local transmission of dengue virus on Guam was reported for the first time in 75 years. Transmission was likely driven by Aedes albopictus mosquitoes after the previously known vector, Aedes aegypti, was eradicated by the US military after World War II.

In the United States, rates of nonfatal overdose visits to emergency departments increased from 2016 to 2017 for all drugs (4.3%), all opioids (3.1%), nonheroin opioids (3.6%), heroin (3.6%), and cocaine (32.9%), while rates of overdoses involving benzodiazepines decreased (5.2%).

This report describes outbreaks of COVID-19 in long-term care facilities that can spread rapidly and have significant impact on older adults with chronic underlying medical conditions.

COVID-19 can result in severe disease, including hospitalization, admission to an intensive care unit, and death, especially among older adults. Everyone can take actions, such as social distancing, to help slow the spread of COVID-19 and protect older adults from severe illness.

More than 800 cases of laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 cases occurred during outbreaks on three cruise ship voyages, and cases linked to several additional cruises have been reported across the United States.

In 2018, women were nearly twice as likely as men to have had a severe headache or migraine in the past 3 months (20.1% versus 10.6%), both overall and within each age group.

This hepatitis E outbreak has developed into Namibia's first reported nationwide outbreak and is a protracted event occurring mainly in informal settlements with poor water, sanitation, and hygiene conditions.

Approximately eight nonfatal violent workplace crimes were reported per 1,000 U.S. workers during 2007-2015; 58% of crimes were not reported to police. Highest rates of crime were among protective services, community and social services, and health care occupations.

Erratum - Vol 69, No 7

CDC estimates ASD prevalence among children aged 8 years.

CDC monitors early identification of ASD among children aged 4 years.

Methamphetamine is a highly addictive central nervous system stimulant. In recent years, methamphetamine availability and methamphetamine-related harms have been increasing in the United States.

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection that rarely can spread to other parts of the body and cause serious complications. In addition to prevention, early diagnosis and treatment might prevent severe disease and complications.

Tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) decreases morbidity and mortality among persons living with human immunodeficiency virus infection but remains underutilized. The U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief has committed to providing TPT to all eligible persons receiving antiretroviral therapy by 2021.

This report describes findings from the initial phase of an investigation into COVID-19 cases among cruise ship crew members quarantined at the Port of Yokohama, Japan, during February 4-12, 2020.

First detected in China in late 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission has spread globally. Singapore implemented a multipronged surveillance and containment strategy that contributed to enhanced case ascertainment and slowing of the outbreak.

World TB Day is observed each year on March 24, providing an opportunity to increase awareness about tuberculosis (TB) and the actions needed to find, treat, and prevent this devastating disease.

Worldwide, tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from a single infectious disease and is especially deadly for persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Although recent trends point to modest progress towards global TB targets, more focus and commitment is needed to find, cure, and prevent TB.

From 2017 to 2018, U.S. overdose death rates involving synthetic opioids (excluding methadone) increased by 10%, death rates involving heroin decreased by 4%, and prescription opioid-involved overdose death rates decreased by 13.5%.

In 2018, 67.0% of U.S. adults aged 50-75 years met the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations for colorectal cancer screening; 60.6% had a colonoscopy in the past 10 years.

Using the findings from this report to develop public health initiatives that target certain populations could improve timely identification, reduce the risk for language delay, and enhance outcomes in children who are deaf or hard of hearing.

CDC summarizes 2010-2014 data from the National Toxic Incidents Program, which collected data on any uncontrolled or illegal acute (lasting

Efforts to improve opioid prescribing need to consider the unique needs of women and older adults while using multimodal approaches to pain management.

Progress towards eliminating tuberculosis (TB) in the United States has slowed, underscoring the need to ramp up TB prevention efforts.

During 2016-2018, the percentage of children and adolescents aged 4-17 years with serious emotional or behavioral difficulties was higher among those living in nonmetropolitan areas (6.7%) than among those living in metropolitan areas (5.3%).

The declines in overdose deaths with fentanyl analogs (carfentanil, furanylfentanyl, acrylfentanyl, and cyclopropylfentanyl) detected contributed to declines in opioid-involved overdose deaths during 2018 among a subset of states, even as deaths with fentanyl detected increased over time, which highlights the continued need to test for fentanyl analogs.

Screening all adults for excessive alcohol use, including binge drinking, using validated tools can help health care providers advise adults who drink too much. Advice should include the impact of excessive alcohol use on the patient's health and helping interested patients to take steps to reduce their drinking.

Maricopa County Department of Public Health in Arizona investigated a cluster of two genetically similar antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections in residents of the ventilator-capable unit of a skilled nursing facility to look for health care-associated bacterial spread.

Health care associated transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is rare in the United States; however, investigations of acute HIV infection in persons with recent health care exposure and no traditional risk factors should consider whether health care-associated transmission likely occurred.

Of cancers that affect both men and women, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. This report describes current CRC screening prevalence by age, various demographic factors, and state.

CDC and public health authorities have learned more about COVID-19 through active contact tracing and monitoring of people who have been exposed to the virus that causes COVID-19.

This report further confirms that tetrahydrocannabinol cartridges containing vitamin E acetate are strongly linked to e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injuries in Wisconsin.

The findings of this report reveal detrimental changes to perceived school safety and absenteeism and an increase in school connectedness among students immediately following a shooting in a nearby school.

Macaques in public settings, such as parks, often carry herpes B virus, and persons visiting areas with free-ranging macaques should avoid close contact with these animals.

Brain Injury Awareness Month, recognized each March, provides an important opportunity to bring attention to the prevention of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to promote strategies to improve the quality of life for persons living with TBI and their families.

The three most common methods of suicide among males and females during 2000-2018 were by firearm, suffocation, and poisoning. Throughout the period 2000-2018, suicide rates by all methods were higher among males than among females, with the greatest difference in the rates for suicide by firearm.

Rapid identification of a suspected case of pneumonic plague in the remote West Nile region of Uganda and the timely response by well-trained Ugandan health officials in the form of contact tracing, antibiotic prophylaxis, and community education prevented any additional cases of plague from occurring.

Nationally, there was a 17% increase in age-adjusted rate of traumatic brain injury-related deaths due to falls, highlighting the importance of preventing falls, especially among older adults.

Fourteen cases have been diagnosed in the United States, in addition to 39 cases among repatriated persons from high-risk settings, for a current total of 53 cases within the United States. U.S. government agencies and public health partners are implementing aggressive measures to slow and try to contain transmission of COVID-19 in the United States.

When taken daily, preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) reduces the risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). PrEP is an important tool for preventing HIV among persons at substantial risk for HIV infection, including female sex workers, men who have sex with men, transgender women, and persons who inject drugs.

In 2018, the Connecticut Department of Public Health was able to use syndromic surveillance to rapidly understand the magnitude of an outbreak of synthetic cannabinoid overdoses and provide timely information to state and local health departments.

This report describes that the percentage of children aged 0-17 years who received a well-child checkup increased from 75.8% in 2008 to 86.5% in 2018.