Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)

Tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) decreases morbidity and mortality among persons living with human immunodeficiency virus infection but remains underutilized. The U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief has committed to providing TPT to all eligible persons receiving antiretroviral therapy by 2021.

This report describes findings from the initial phase of an investigation into COVID-19 cases among cruise ship crew members quarantined at the Port of Yokohama, Japan, during February 4-12, 2020.

First detected in China in late 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission has spread globally. Singapore implemented a multipronged surveillance and containment strategy that contributed to enhanced case ascertainment and slowing of the outbreak.

World TB Day is observed each year on March 24, providing an opportunity to increase awareness about tuberculosis (TB) and the actions needed to find, treat, and prevent this devastating disease.

Worldwide, tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from a single infectious disease and is especially deadly for persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Although recent trends point to modest progress towards global TB targets, more focus and commitment is needed to find, cure, and prevent TB.

From 2017 to 2018, U.S. overdose death rates involving synthetic opioids (excluding methadone) increased by 10%, death rates involving heroin decreased by 4%, and prescription opioid-involved overdose death rates decreased by 13.5%.

In 2018, 67.0% of U.S. adults aged 50-75 years met the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations for colorectal cancer screening; 60.6% had a colonoscopy in the past 10 years.

Using the findings from this report to develop public health initiatives that target certain populations could improve timely identification, reduce the risk for language delay, and enhance outcomes in children who are deaf or hard of hearing.

CDC summarizes 2010-2014 data from the National Toxic Incidents Program, which collected data on any uncontrolled or illegal acute (lasting

Efforts to improve opioid prescribing need to consider the unique needs of women and older adults while using multimodal approaches to pain management.

Progress towards eliminating tuberculosis (TB) in the United States has slowed, underscoring the need to ramp up TB prevention efforts.

During 2016-2018, the percentage of children and adolescents aged 4-17 years with serious emotional or behavioral difficulties was higher among those living in nonmetropolitan areas (6.7%) than among those living in metropolitan areas (5.3%).

The declines in overdose deaths with fentanyl analogs (carfentanil, furanylfentanyl, acrylfentanyl, and cyclopropylfentanyl) detected contributed to declines in opioid-involved overdose deaths during 2018 among a subset of states, even as deaths with fentanyl detected increased over time, which highlights the continued need to test for fentanyl analogs.

Screening all adults for excessive alcohol use, including binge drinking, using validated tools can help health care providers advise adults who drink too much. Advice should include the impact of excessive alcohol use on the patient's health and helping interested patients to take steps to reduce their drinking.

Maricopa County Department of Public Health in Arizona investigated a cluster of two genetically similar antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections in residents of the ventilator-capable unit of a skilled nursing facility to look for health care-associated bacterial spread.

Health care associated transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is rare in the United States; however, investigations of acute HIV infection in persons with recent health care exposure and no traditional risk factors should consider whether health care-associated transmission likely occurred.

Of cancers that affect both men and women, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. This report describes current CRC screening prevalence by age, various demographic factors, and state.

CDC and public health authorities have learned more about COVID-19 through active contact tracing and monitoring of people who have been exposed to the virus that causes COVID-19.

This report further confirms that tetrahydrocannabinol cartridges containing vitamin E acetate are strongly linked to e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injuries in Wisconsin.

The findings of this report reveal detrimental changes to perceived school safety and absenteeism and an increase in school connectedness among students immediately following a shooting in a nearby school.

Macaques in public settings, such as parks, often carry herpes B virus, and persons visiting areas with free-ranging macaques should avoid close contact with these animals.

Brain Injury Awareness Month, recognized each March, provides an important opportunity to bring attention to the prevention of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to promote strategies to improve the quality of life for persons living with TBI and their families.

The three most common methods of suicide among males and females during 2000-2018 were by firearm, suffocation, and poisoning. Throughout the period 2000-2018, suicide rates by all methods were higher among males than among females, with the greatest difference in the rates for suicide by firearm.

Rapid identification of a suspected case of pneumonic plague in the remote West Nile region of Uganda and the timely response by well-trained Ugandan health officials in the form of contact tracing, antibiotic prophylaxis, and community education prevented any additional cases of plague from occurring.

Nationally, there was a 17% increase in age-adjusted rate of traumatic brain injury-related deaths due to falls, highlighting the importance of preventing falls, especially among older adults.

Fourteen cases have been diagnosed in the United States, in addition to 39 cases among repatriated persons from high-risk settings, for a current total of 53 cases within the United States. U.S. government agencies and public health partners are implementing aggressive measures to slow and try to contain transmission of COVID-19 in the United States.

When taken daily, preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) reduces the risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). PrEP is an important tool for preventing HIV among persons at substantial risk for HIV infection, including female sex workers, men who have sex with men, transgender women, and persons who inject drugs.

In 2018, the Connecticut Department of Public Health was able to use syndromic surveillance to rapidly understand the magnitude of an outbreak of synthetic cannabinoid overdoses and provide timely information to state and local health departments.

This report describes that the percentage of children aged 0-17 years who received a well-child checkup increased from 75.8% in 2008 to 86.5% in 2018.

The case described in this report highlights the potential for people at risk for Legionnaires' disease to be exposed to Legionella through home water systems containing the bacteria and demonstrates the difficulty of removing the bacteria from residential settings.

Many adults who meet the criteria to be screened for lung cancer do not report recommended screening. Efforts to educate health care providers and patients might increase appropriate lung cancer screening.

CDC preliminary vaccine effectiveness estimates show 2019-20 influenza vaccines providing substantial protective benefit, particularly among children, who have been hard hit by influenza this season. Influenza vaccines are reducing the risk for having to go to the doctor with influenza illness by 45% overall and by 55% in children.

A comprehensive strategy combining comprehensive smoke-free laws and pricing strategies, as well as strategies such as raising the minimum legal sales age for tobacco products to 21 years, can help prevent and reduce youth tobacco product use.

The Million Hearts Hypertension Control Champions, a national recognition program, demonstrates that achieving high hypertension control rates is possible across a range of health care settings and among patient populations at high risk for having uncontrolled hypertension.

Informal, unpaid caregivers provide important support to family members, friends, and the health care system and might compromise their own health to provide this support.

In 2017, a person's blood donation in Missouri screened positive for antibodies to Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite that causes Chagas disease. Based on the epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory data, the reported case likely represents the first documented autochthonous case of Chagas disease in Missouri.

In 2018, among adults aged ≥25 years, women (69.4%) were more likely than men (61.2%) to have seen a dentist in the past year. The percentage of men and women who saw a dentist in the past year increased as education level increased.

Health care providers should remain vigilant about possible 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) exposures not only among returning travelers from China, but also among those in close contact with persons with 2019-nCoV in the United States.

During 2010-2017, a total of 5,387 dengue cases were reported from U.S. states and the District of Columbia; 93% were travel-associated.

State Medicaid programs that cover all evidence-based cessation treatments, remove barriers to accessing these treatments, and promote covered treatments to Medicaid enrollees and health care providers could reduce smoking, smoking-related disease, and smoking-attributable federal and state health care expenditures.

In December of 2018, Wyoming identified the state's first case of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) containing mcr-1, which is a gene that can make bacteria resistant to colistin, a drug that can be the last resort for some multidrug-resistant infections like CRE.

From 2010-2013 to 2014-2017, the percentage of emergency department visits for acute viral upper respiratory tract infection that had an antimicrobial given or prescribed decreased from 23.4% to 17.6%.

The number of new cases of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in U.S. children and adolescents increased at constant rates from 2002 through 2015, and the rates of increase were generally higher in racial/ethnic minority populations than in whites.

New guidelines from CDC and the National Tuberculosis Controllers Association for the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) recommend shorter regimens (three to four months) over longer regimens (six to nine months) for most patients living in the United States.

Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report

CDC, multiple other federal agencies, state and local health departments, and other partners are implementing aggressive measures to slow transmission of 2019-nCoV in the United States, be ready if widespread transmission occurs, and work on medical countermeasures.

The adult immunization schedule is updated every year and provides a guide for health care providers to make sure adults ages 19 years or older get all the vaccines they need when they need them.

A new combination vaccine to prevent diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, polio, Haemphilus influenzae type b disease, and hepatitis B has been licensed, but won't be available before 2021.

The child and adolescent immunization schedule is updated every year and provides a guide for health care providers to make sure children and adolescents from birth through age 18 years get all the vaccines they need when they need them.

Deaths involving fentanyl analogs, such as carfentanil, have increased the severity of the opioid overdose epidemic in Florida.