Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)

The percentage of employed adults who reported an average of ≤6 hours of sleep per 24-hour period increased from 28.4% during 2008-2009 to 32.6% during 2017-2018.

Circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses can emerge in settings with low poliovirus immunity and can cause paralysis.

This report describes clinical considerations for prescribing preexposure prophylaxis for human immunodeficiency virus prevention among adolescents.

Erratum: Vol. 69, No. SS-4

A recent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) outbreak among people who inject drugs in Cabell County, West Virginia, underscores the importance of HIV prevention, diagnosis, and care in communities with high rates of substance use disorder.

Investigation of COVID-19 cases in Chicago identified a cluster of 16 confirmed or probable cases, including three deaths, likely resulting from one introduction.

The Coronavirus Disease 2019-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET) was implemented to produce robust, weekly, age-stratified COVID-19-associated hospitalization rates.

This report highlights geographic differences in COVID-19 cases, deaths, incidence, and changing incidence in the United States.

Unprotected, prolonged patient contact, as well as certain exposures, including some aerosol-generating procedures, were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection among health care personnel.

The number of children in the Eastern Mediterranean Region receiving 2 doses of measles vaccine increased during 2013-2018, but vaccination coverage remains below levels (≥95%) that the World Health Organization recommend for measles elimination.

In 2018, 23 states and DC had drug overdose death rates that were higher than the national rate of 20.7 per 100,000.

All milk should be pasteurized to prevent infections from harmful bacteria in raw milk.

From 2007 to 2016, incidence of cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx combined increased. The increase could be driven by increases in human papillomavirus-associated cancers.

Improving surveillance through routine reporting of occupation and industry not only benefits health care personnel, but all workers during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

During February 26-April 1, 2020, community mobility (a proxy measure for social distancing) in the metropolitan areas of San Francisco, Seattle, New Orleans, and New York City declined, decreasing with each community mitigation policy issued and as case counts increased.

New report shows hepatitis C is increasing dramatically in the United States, especially among younger adults.

The report describes the percentage of persons of all ages who had a cold during the past two weeks in 2018.

Women at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus are eligible to use all hormonal contraceptive methods and intrauterine devices.

The epidemiology of hepatitis C is changing in the United States As a result, CDC now recommends one-time hepatitis C screening for all adults and screening of all pregnant women during every pregnancy.

Investigation of all 243 cases of COVID-19 reported in Singapore during January 23-March 16 identified seven clusters of cases in which presymptomatic transmission is the most likely explanation for the occurrence of secondary cases.

In this preliminary description of pediatric U.S. COVID-19 cases, relatively few children with COVID-19 are hospitalized, and fewer children than adults experience fever, cough, or shortnessof breath.

On February 27, 2020, the Santa Clara County Public Health Department (SCCPHD) identified its first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated with probable community transmission (i.e., infection among persons without a known exposure by travel or close contact with a patient with confirmed COVID-19)

In the Seattle, Washington metropolitan area, where the first case of novel coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) in the United States was reported, a community-level outbreak is ongoing with evidence of rapid spread and high morbidity and mortality among older adults in long-term care skilled nursing facilities (SNFs).

Following identification of a case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a health care worker, 76 of 82 residents of a long-term care skilled nursing facility were tested for SARS-CoV-2; 23 (30.3%) had positive test results, approximately half of whom were asymptomatic or presymptomatic on the day of testing.

Based on preliminary U.S. data, people with select underlying health conditions (e.g. diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and chronic lung disease) and known risk factors for respiratory infections (e.g. smoking) appear to be at higher risk for severe disease (hospitalizations and admission to intensive care units) from COVID-19 than people without these conditions.

The Department of Defense model of human immunodeficiency virus care demonstrates that the goals of high antiretroviral therapy uptake and viral suppression can be achieved and maintained in a large health care system.

Erratum: Vol. 69, No. 11

From 1999-2000 to 2017-2018, the prevalence of obesity among persons aged 2-19 years increased from 13.9% to 19.3%, and the prevalence of severe obesity increased from 3.6% to 6.1%.

Work-related health problems affect a large number of the workers in the United States.

Local transmission of dengue virus on Guam was reported for the first time in 75 years. Transmission was likely driven by Aedes albopictus mosquitoes after the previously known vector, Aedes aegypti, was eradicated by the US military after World War II.

In the United States, rates of nonfatal overdose visits to emergency departments increased from 2016 to 2017 for all drugs (4.3%), all opioids (3.1%), nonheroin opioids (3.6%), heroin (3.6%), and cocaine (32.9%), while rates of overdoses involving benzodiazepines decreased (5.2%).

This report describes outbreaks of COVID-19 in long-term care facilities that can spread rapidly and have significant impact on older adults with chronic underlying medical conditions.

COVID-19 can result in severe disease, including hospitalization, admission to an intensive care unit, and death, especially among older adults. Everyone can take actions, such as social distancing, to help slow the spread of COVID-19 and protect older adults from severe illness.

More than 800 cases of laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 cases occurred during outbreaks on three cruise ship voyages, and cases linked to several additional cruises have been reported across the United States.

In 2018, women were nearly twice as likely as men to have had a severe headache or migraine in the past 3 months (20.1% versus 10.6%), both overall and within each age group.

This hepatitis E outbreak has developed into Namibia's first reported nationwide outbreak and is a protracted event occurring mainly in informal settlements with poor water, sanitation, and hygiene conditions.

Approximately eight nonfatal violent workplace crimes were reported per 1,000 U.S. workers during 2007-2015; 58% of crimes were not reported to police. Highest rates of crime were among protective services, community and social services, and health care occupations.

Erratum - Vol 69, No 7

CDC estimates ASD prevalence among children aged 8 years.

CDC monitors early identification of ASD among children aged 4 years.

Methamphetamine is a highly addictive central nervous system stimulant. In recent years, methamphetamine availability and methamphetamine-related harms have been increasing in the United States.

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection that rarely can spread to other parts of the body and cause serious complications. In addition to prevention, early diagnosis and treatment might prevent severe disease and complications.

Tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) decreases morbidity and mortality among persons living with human immunodeficiency virus infection but remains underutilized. The U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief has committed to providing TPT to all eligible persons receiving antiretroviral therapy by 2021.

This report describes findings from the initial phase of an investigation into COVID-19 cases among cruise ship crew members quarantined at the Port of Yokohama, Japan, during February 4-12, 2020.

First detected in China in late 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission has spread globally. Singapore implemented a multipronged surveillance and containment strategy that contributed to enhanced case ascertainment and slowing of the outbreak.

World TB Day is observed each year on March 24, providing an opportunity to increase awareness about tuberculosis (TB) and the actions needed to find, treat, and prevent this devastating disease.

Worldwide, tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from a single infectious disease and is especially deadly for persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Although recent trends point to modest progress towards global TB targets, more focus and commitment is needed to find, cure, and prevent TB.

From 2017 to 2018, U.S. overdose death rates involving synthetic opioids (excluding methadone) increased by 10%, death rates involving heroin decreased by 4%, and prescription opioid-involved overdose death rates decreased by 13.5%.

In 2018, 67.0% of U.S. adults aged 50-75 years met the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations for colorectal cancer screening; 60.6% had a colonoscopy in the past 10 years.

Using the findings from this report to develop public health initiatives that target certain populations could improve timely identification, reduce the risk for language delay, and enhance outcomes in children who are deaf or hard of hearing.