Two former members of Bank of England’s interest rate-setting committee discuss the outlook consumers are squeezed by inflation• The economy is starting to deteriorate

UK growth during 2017 has been revised down to 1.7%.

Each month we look at key indicators to see what effect the Brexit process has on growth, prosperity and trade in the UK• The economy is starting to deteriorate

Cracks are starting to appear in UK economic resilience, with unemployment rising and growth slowing

G7 rivals outpace UK as consumers rein in spending amid Brexit-fuelled price inflationBritain’s economy grew at a slower rate than first thought in the final three months of 2017, leaving the UK lagging further behind other major economies as it prepares to leave the EU.The Office for National Statistics revised down its estimate for UK growth in the fourth quarter to 0.4%, following an earlier estimate of 0.5% and missing economists’ forecasts that the rate would be unchanged.Gross domestic product (GDP) is a key government statistic and provides a measure of the UK's total economic activity.Inflation is when prices rise. Deflation is the opposite – price decreases over time – but inflation is far more common. Continue reading...

The amount of the smog allowance should vary according to the city’s air quality – compensating workers and their families for living in a polluted environment while incentivising municipalities to clean up their acts

‘Three basket approach’ would breach agreement to prevent cherry-picking, says BrusselsThe EU has ruled out the UK government’s preferred approach to a future trade deal, describing it as a risk to the European project, just as Theresa May is seeking to strike an agreement on the way forward within her cabinet.

Centrica profit falls nearly 20% as it expands cost-cutting drive to save extra £500m a yearCentrica, the owner of British Gas, will shed a further 4,000 jobs by 2020 as part of a cost-cutting programme, which it blamed on the government’s energy price cap and fierce competition in the market.Britain’s largest energy company reported on Thursday a fall of 17% in operating profit to £1.25bn in 2017, owing to poor performance in its business energy supply and North America divisions. Continue reading...

Scrutiny is needed to examine risks for investors, says Treasury committee chair Nicky MorganA powerful committee of MPs is launching an inquiry into bitcoin and other digital currencies over fears that cryptocurrencies could lead to increased “market volatility, money laundering and cybercrime”.

While employment prospects are good, wages and other areas of the economy aren’t expected to grow at the rate the treasury hopesThe latest review of Australia’s economy by the International Monetary Fund has a much less rosy outlook for the next few years than does the government’s budget papers. And in light of the latest release of wages price data showing continued weak wages growth, the IMF crucially predicts much lower wages growth than does the budget – a factor which creates a major risk to the government’s hopes for a return to surplus by 2021.Related: Economy returning to normal? It can only be the 'new normal' | Greg JerichoRelated: Whoever wins the argument over wages growth will likely win the next election | Greg Jericho Continue reading...

Mark Carney has told MPs that household incomes will be 5% lower because of Brexit, as he clashes with his own chief economist about the merits of devaluation

Official figures reveal 1.47 million out of work as young people struggle to find jobsThe prospect of an interest rate rise before the summer has receded after the number of people out of work in Britain rose at the fastest rate in almost five years.Fuelled by an increase in unemployment among young people under the age of 24, the number of jobless rose by 46,000 to stand at 1.47 million in the three months to December, according to the Office for National Statistics. Continue reading...

Christopher Rainger thinks Keir Starmer should say ‘No Brexit’ is the best ‘Jobs Brexit’. But John Doherty recalls David Cameron’s pledge that the referendum would be final. And Peter McKenna says that if anyone led the Brexit charge it was Tony BennWhat a game-changer it will be when Keir Starmer gets up in the Commons and announces that Labour has decided that the best “Jobs Brexit” is “No Brexit”. Recent polling (Labour will win the next election if it becomes the party of remain, theguardian.com, 18 February) shows the majority of Labour members oppose Brexit and the majority of Labour voters do too.Numerous independent and government reports have said that the effect on jobs and the economy from all Brexit options will be bad, with fruit growers already moving from Hereford to China. So, to change Labour’s stance from a hard-to-explain “Jobs Brexit” to an easily defendable “No Brexit” will be changing the policy as the facts change, with no loss of face. Brexit was mis-sold to the public and only Labour can halt Britain’s descent into chaos. It must join with other progressive parties across Europe and fight for Britain to remain and reform the EU. It’s also the only way Labour can win the election that must follow the collapse of talks or Theresa May’s fall from power.

Resolution Foundation says young Britons have suffered biggest reversal in fortunes save for young GreeksBritain’s millennial generation, born since 1981, have suffered a bigger reversal in financial fortunes than their counterparts in most other developed countries except Greece, according to a study.The report by the Resolution Foundation paints a gloomy picture for all young adults across the developed world – apart from the Nordic countries. It highlights how incomes are depressed, jobs scarce and home ownership is slumping for the millennial generation compared with the baby boomers that preceded them.Although precise definitions differ, broadly speaking millennials are those people born between the early 1980s and the late 1990s. They are so called because they turned 18 in or after 2000. They are also collectively known as Generation Y Continue reading...

Focus groups make us feel our views matter – but no one with power cares what we think

These radical places across the UK that encourage the spirit of inquiry are in danger of being taken for granted and need protectingLast Sunday afternoon was the classic start to February half-term: the rain was sheeting down outside, and we’d already played every game in the cupboard and watched too much TV. My sons, aged five and eight, were beginning to squabble and whine, and I knew from experience that if we didn’t leave the house in the next five minutes things were going to get ugly.Happily, we were visiting relatives in Liverpool – a city with a fine selection of museums, many of them free to enter. Within a few minutes of shoving the boys out of the front door, we were standing in the magnificent lobby of the World Museum, wondering what to do first: explore space? Check out the leaf-cutter ants? Take a trip to ancient Egypt? The place was buzzing with families escaping the rain, and with visitors to the opening weekend of an exhibition of terracotta warriors. By the end of the afternoon we had lifted a meteorite, found out about the eating habits of sea cucumbers (gross), learned about female pharaohs and watched Tim Peake drink water in space.It’s easy to dismiss museums as fusty places that we’ve been dragged around on school tripsRelated: UK museum collecting at risk from lack of funding, report warns Continue reading...

Rightmove reports busiest ever month and optimistic pricing but property is taking longer to sellThe average price of a UK property coming on to the market has risen by more than £2,400 in a month to just over £300,000 amid evidence of “record” levels of house-hunting activity, according to Rightmove.The website, which tracks 90% of the UK property market, said the national average asking price for a home had increased by 0.8% during the past month, following the 0.7% rise it reported in mid-January.

Readers including Caroline Lucas and Ruth Lister respond to Guardian articles by Owen Jones and Gaby HinsliffOwen Jones’s discussion of tax seeks to put forward a “radical” agenda but is actually strikingly conservative, especially because of its focus on higher income tax rates (Tax radicals? McDonnell and Corbyn are not radical enough, 16 February). This focus is unhelpfully constraining for two reasons.First, income tax now matters much less than it used to – it has fallen from over half of total UK revenue in the 1970s to about 30% today. There have been compensating rises in VAT and national insurance contributions, and the second of these especially is ripe for radical reform. Second, within income tax, the focus on the rates is far too narrow. How much tax is paid is hugely affected by the tax base, and the allowances given. The most indefensible of these is the allowance for pension contributions at the higher rates, a huge bonus for the better-off. George Osborne seemed to be shaping up to do something about these, but then bottled it. Continue reading...

With woeful productivity in parts, local authorities should decide how to spend the cash that replaces EU fundsThroughout the 1980s, a war raged between Westminster and the rest of the country that has had lasting effects. Fearing councils under the control of Michael Foot’s Labour opposition, Margaret Thatcher stripped power from town halls in a sweeping political land grab that still marks Britain today.London’s economy during the 1970s and much of the 1980s had more in common with the rest of the country than today. It even grew at a slower pace than many other regions, but the big bang deregulation of financial services in 1986 under Nigel Lawson, then chancellor, helped London’s economy to boom — aided by fat profits from investment banks in the City. At the same time, the north’s industrial base came under attack from Thatcher’s reforms, since when manufacturing as a share of national income has fallen from a quarter to just over 10%. Continue reading...

Geographical inequalities are the result of historical legacies and a fractured economyPlace has always been destiny in Britain, but never more so than in 2018. Pity the child born in Weymouth, Corby or Carlisle, locked into poor schools, a lacklustre economy and few decent jobs; if he or she had been lucky enough to be born in Tower Hamlets, Hackney or Westminster, their life chances might have been transformed. Where you are born in Britain, and England in particular, is becoming ever more a treacherous geographical lottery.Nor is the divide any more just the well-known one between north and south. So relatively strong are the performances of Bristol and Manchester, with Liverpool hard on their heels, that overlaid on the old north-south split is the beginnings of a new one – an east-west divide. Parts of the north-west such as Trafford and North Cheshire are strong economic and social performers, while the towns along the M4 and Bristol itself are doing pretty well. Continue reading...

Readers respond to an earlier letter suggesting that students should replace migrant farm workers after BrexitIn the agricultural sector there is a shortfall of 4,300 jobs with a tiny proportion of the population working on farms. Yet Aileen Hammond (Letters, 15 February) demands that 2.28 million students in higher education descend on to the farms of this country every summer and winter. I’m afraid a few second homes she wants to be made available isn’t going to be quite enough to house these students.I spent my vacations from university volunteering, getting work experience, writing dissertations – all of which has allowed me to contribute to the common good. There are also lots of other important and meaningful seasonal jobs that depend on the student vacation workforce. Forced labour of students on to farms would play havoc with these sectors and merely shift the labour problem elsewhere. Continue reading...

The same misleading metaphors are used again and again to talk about economic policy. We need a new frameWhat do people think the economy is? How do they think it works? How do you think it works, if you think it works at all? The New Economics Foundation, in its report, Framing the Economy, conducted 40 in-depth interviews in London, Newport, Glasgow, Wolverhampton and Hull, with the aim of finding points of common understanding. Though 40 is a relatively small number, the researchers were looking for images, metaphors, certainties and black holes that came up again and again, across regions and demographics.From these tropes, they’ve been able to plot how, from 2010, the coalition government’s austerity agenda played so well into people’s hopes and fears; how the public attachment to it was so tenacious. How, even as the policy was failing to stimulate the economy in the way that had been promised, it was still seemingly resistant to counter-argument. Even once it was plainly, across the country, having devastating impacts on people’s lived experience (disabled people having their benefits removed and dying weeks later, the victims of the universal credit experiment evicted from their homes), the notion itself – that we all had to tighten our belts, and that was the responsible thing to do – was curiously buoyant.The lead researcher was shocked by the 'ubiquity and level of fatalism'Related: The austerity delusion | Paul Krugman Continue reading...

January high street performance fails to pick up after disappointing December3.01pm GMTDespite hopes of a pick-up in high street spending after a poor December, UK retail sales came in weaker than expected in January.Sales of gym wear improved but food sales fell, according to the Office for National Statistics.2.53pm GMTAfter five days of rises, US markets have edged higher at the start of the week’s final trading day.The Dow Jones Industrial Average is currently up 35 points or 0.14% while the S&P 500 is 0.03% better and the Nasdaq Composite 0.04% higher.2.08pm GMTThe US housing and import price data and some mixed company results - Kraft Heinz missed expectations, Coca-Cola bettered them - has push the futures into the red.Reversing earlier gains, the Dow Jones Industrial Average is now expected to open around 13 points lower.1.42pm GMTMeanwhile US import prices climbed by more than expected in January, adding to the signs of increasing inflationary pressures.With increases in the cost of imported petrol and other goods, import prices climbed by 1% last month, compared to a 0.1% rise in December and expectations of a 0.6% increase.1.36pm GMTMore signs of strength in the US housing market.Housing starts in January came in at 1.326m units, up from a revised December figure of 1.209m and higher than the expected 1.234. December’s figure was initially given as 1.192m units.USA Housing Starts announcement - Actual: 1.326Mln, Expected: 1.234Mln pic.twitter.com/vx7s3mE9KV1.21pm GMTHere’s IG’s opening calls for the US markets:US Opening Calls:#DOW 25276 +0.29%#SPX 2738 +0.21%#NASDAQ 6821 +0.36%#IGOpeningCall12.32pm GMTUS markets are expected to open higher again, with the futures suggesting a 74 point initial rise on the Dow Jones Industrial Average. Craig Erlam, senior market analyst at Oanda, said:US equity markets could end the week with a full house of gains as long as indices manage to hold onto the small gains being seen in futures ahead of the open.This would also bring an end to two shocking weeks for equity markets that saw more than 10% quickly wiped off indices, the first time we’ve seen such a move since the start of 2016. While the prospect of higher yields and interest rates, combined with a surge in volatility, have been blamed for the decline, the rebound we’re now seeing reaffirms the belief that fundamentals are still strong which should prevent the situation deteriorating further.12.21pm GMTThe head of the British Chambers of Commerce has warned companies are facing a recruitment crisis and urged the government to act, in an article for the Guardian:British companies are facing a recruitment crisis, with labour shortages hitting critical levels in some sectors, according to a business leader who has urged the government to produce details on a post-Brexit immigration system.Adam Marshall, the director general of the British Chambers of Commerce, said the lack of candidates for some jobs was biting hard, and he warned ministers against bringing forward a “draconian and damaging” visa or work permit system.Related: Business leader warns May against harsh immigration policyRelated: Businesses are floundering while Whitehall dithers on immigration | Adam Marshall11.43am GMTHere’s our full story on the UK retail sales. Sarah Butler writes:January was a tough month for high street retailers as sales rose just 0.1%, far below City expectations, as higher prices continued to deter shoppers from spending.City analysts had expected a recovery of around 0.5% last month, after the unexpectedly sharp fall of 1.4% in December. The figures from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) indicate a pick up in year-on-year growth to 1.6% in January, from 1.5% in December, but analysts had hoped for a bigger turnaround after a very disappointing end to last year.Related: UK high street sales stagnant amid January retail gloom11.03am GMTSterling has slipped into negative territory against the dollar, as investors mull over the weaker than expected retail sales.The pound is down 0.18% at $1.4070 having earlier been as high as $1.4144. Against the euro, sterling is down 0.06% at €1.1264.11.01am GMTCommenting on the retail sales figures, Andrew Sentance, senior economic adviser at PwC, said:The squeeze on consumer spending created by high inflation and a weakened pound continues. Over the three months covering the Christmas and New Year period (November to January), the volume of retail sales was just 0.1 percent up on the previous three months - the weakest growth we have seen on this measure for nearly a year. While inflation continues to run ahead of pay increases, it is not surprising that consumers are cautious and retail sales growth is sluggish.Looking ahead, we should expect the squeeze on consumer spending from high inflation to ease as we progress through this year. But the economic benefits of lower inflation are unlikely to be felt until the second half of 2018 at the earliest. The first half of this year will continue to be a difficult environment for retailers and other consumer-facing sectors.10.35am GMTAnd the UK research director at Global Data Retail:ONS retail sales data much worse than expected, though why anyone thought people had suddenly gone on a January shopping spree is a mystery to me. https://t.co/pyDZwr7ZXC10.33am GMTHere’s the chief UK economist at Pantheon Macroeconomics:Falling food sales to blame for January's below-consensus UK retail sales. The good news is that supermarkets have largely finished hiking prices due to the weak £. But rising mortgage rates and an intensifying fiscal squeeze suggest sales growth will remain sluggish this year pic.twitter.com/AAzQSngAyy10.06am GMTHere’s breakdown of non-food sales, showing the growth in sports equipment:10.03am GMTFollowing the disappointing retail sales, economist James Smith at ING Bank is not optimistic about the outlook for the sector. But he believes the Bank of England could still raise rates in May :After what was a particularly tough Christmas trading period for retailers, consumers continued to keep the foot on the brakes through January. Retail sales barely increased in the first month of the year (0.1% rise), suggesting that shoppers were reluctant to heavily participate in the traditional January sales, backing-up separate findings from Visa. For now, we see few catalysts for a sustained rebound in spending over coming months.Consumer confidence remains depressed (despite some recent improvement) and disposable incomes look set to remain under pressure. True, wage growth has been performing better recently, giving the Bank of England increased confidence that the tight labour market is prompting firms to offer more generous pay packets. That said, it’s still early days and we think there remains a risk that some firms take a more cautious stance, amidst slower economic momentum and elevated uncertainty. At the same time, food and fuel costs are continuing to rise, even though in general consumer prices have largely adjusted to the post-Brexit weakening in the pound.Hopes for a rebound on December’s poor UK retail sales results failed to materialise after today’s data revealed sluggish growth in January.UK shoppers continued the theme of keeping their money in their pockets post-Christmas, and weaker than expected data could now have an adverse effect on the pound, which has been heading for its best weekly performance since September.Who’d be a retailer right now? The ONS sees the longer-term picture for the retail sector as in a “continued slowdown” and the average British consumer is looking at real wage declines, higher borrowing costs, and record levels of consumer deb. The average Brit has spent the past few years living the mantra “When the going gets tough, the tough go shopping” but January’s retail sales number shows that UK consumer spending is not as hardy as it once was and this represents a real risk to Q1 GDP already.9.51am GMTHere’s Societe Generale’s Kit Juckes:UK retail sales ex autos 1.5% y/y, 3-m y/y 1.4%, last time we were at this kind of rate in 2013 GDP growth was 1 1/2% too. This is the new normal. Does leaving Europe doom us to European growth rates?9.45am GMTThe weaker than expected retail sales numbers have taken the shine off sterling. The pound is now up just 0.1% against the dollar at $1.4108, having earlier climbed as high as $1.4144.9.40am GMTRhian Murphy, Office for National Statistics Senior Statistician said:Retail sales growth was broadly flat at the beginning of the New Year with the longer-term picture showing a continued slowdown in the sector. This can partly be attributed to a background of generally rising prices.Growth in the quantity of sporting equipment, games and toys being bought was offset by falling food sales when compared with the same month a year earlier.9.39am GMT9.35am GMTHigh street sales has dropped sharply in December as shoppers brought forward sales into November to take advantage of discounts including the Black Friday sales.Taking the three months from November to January, sales edged up just 0.1% after climbing 0.5% in the three months to December.9.32am GMTBritish shoppers kept their money in their pockets in January, with retail sales coming in sharply lower than forecast.Overall retail sales volumes rose 0.1% month on month, compared to expectations of an increase of around 0.5%. Year on year growth was 1.6%, the highest since August but at the bottom end of expectations of around 2.4%.9.23am GMTretail sales due in 10 mins, Barclays are much more downbeat than consensus and look for a 0.6% M/M fall pic.twitter.com/KlhHQx9HFL9.22am GMTThe pound is heading for its best weekly performance since September, buoyed by a weaker dollar, the expectation of rising interest rates from a more hawkish Bank of England, and hopes that Brexit talks will progress.Of course, that is before the UK retail sales figures, which could have an influence one way or the other.9.09am GMTAhead of the UK retail sales figures, here is economist Rupert Seggins:UK retail sales stats out at 9:30. Monthly changes are too volatile to be much signal & changing y/y figures are being distorted by the unwinding of a big base effect (see chart). Suggest focussing on %3m/3m changes. Or just stare at a chart of the levels...like the one below :) pic.twitter.com/koMCw3VwIw9.04am GMTAfter four weeks of falls - including a 4.7% decline last week - the FTSE 100 is on track for a positive five days of trading. Connor Campbell, financial analyst at Spreadex, said:Despite a week that’s been chock full of hawkish data, the markets continued to mount a comeback this Friday, extending the gains made on Thursday hit it a slew of 7 day-plus highs.The FTSE rose a further half a percent after the bell, allowing the index to tickle 7275. That is the index’s best price in around 10 days, with the FTSE finding a way to co-exist with cable’s own climb. Against the dollar sterling jumped 0.3%, lifting the pound towards $1.413 for the first time since last Monday. The currency has had less success against the euro, with its current €1.127 levels at the bottom end of the pound’s recent range.8.22am GMTMarkets are holding on to their gains ahead of the UK retail sales figures. Lee Wild, head of equity strategy at interactive investor, said:Where Wall Street goes, other markets follow, and this bounce back from last week’s lows is no different. Traders are quickly getting used to higher bond yields, higher inflation and another round of hikes in global interest rates that will follow, so much so that US stocks are recovering twice as fast as in London. Markets will remain volatile, for sure, but we’ve just found out that big investors can’t stay out of this market for long, and demand for equities typically picks up in the weeks before tax year-end.8.05am GMTWith Wall Street and Asian markets continuing their recovery after the early February slump, European share prices are off to a good start in early trading.The FTSE 100 is 44 points or 0.6% better , while Germany’s Dax is up 0.49% and France’s Cac has climbed 0.55%.8.01am GMTBalfour Beatty is trying to shake off the cloud of Carillion, the collapsed UK contractor, and today it has announced a joint venture contract win in the US.It has been awarded a $1.95bn (£1.4bn) deal to design, build, finance, operate and maintain the ‘Automated People Mover’ at Los Angeles International Airport. Balfour’s share amounts to around £420m.Good news for Balfour Beatty with a major contract award that should help the stock shrug off the cloud of the Carillion mess that has left the shares down more than 10% in the last month...Despite some setbacks in the share price following the collapse of Carillion, this is yet another sign of the solid progress being made under Leo Quinn and the Build to Last strategy. It’s the first major public-private partnership contract win in the US civil infrastructure market – one that could grow significantly in the coming years, particularly if we consider the shape of proposed infrastructure plans. The hope is that Donald Trump’s infrastructure spending plan will produce more such contracts for Balfour. Existing heavy US exposure means it is well placed to benefit, although it remains unclear exactly what the spending plan will eventually look like.7.45am GMT#Japan's Nikkei decouples from Yen. Index gained >1% despite Yen dropped to lowest level in 15mths. pic.twitter.com/Ic9RCUaTwJ7.31am GMTGood morning, and welcome to our rolling coverage of the world economy, the financial markets, the eurozone and business.Stock markets continue to recover some of the ground lost during the early February rout, despite further signs yesterday of rising inflation, one of the key factors behind the slump. The concerns about price increases led to a jump in bond yields, and there seems little sign of that ending. So, as Michael Hewson, chief market analyst at CMC Markets UK, put it:The fact that stock markets appear to have recovered their equilibrium when rates are now higher than when markets first sold off, does make you question why the sell-off happened in the first place.European Opening Calls:#FTSE 7259 +0.33%#DAX 12386 +0.33%#CAC 5236 +0.26%#MIB 22561 +0.29%#IBEX 9766 +0.52%The UK had a pretty rotten month in December, with a slump of 1.5%, though that was largely as a result of bumper November number of 1.1% which had been boosted by Black Friday sales spending.Recent retail sales numbers from the British Retail Consortium and KPMG earlier this month appeared to show that while some retailers were struggling we did see a pickup in January, as consumers started to re-open their wallets after a slow December. The recent cold weather in January may well have also prompted an increase in demand for coats and gloves, with an expectation that we could see a rise of 0.6%.The pound wasted little time capitalising on the weaker dollar and continued to charge higher passing $1.41 overnight. Investors will now turn their attention towards UK retail sales due this morning at 09:30 GMT. Analysts are expecting retail sales to have increased 2.4% year on year in January, up from 1.3% in December. Given the hawkish tone from the Bank of England earlier this month, in addition to the higher than forecast CPI data, a higher reading in retail sales could see the pound target its previous high of $1.4375. Continue reading...

Consumer spending squeeze blamed for 0.1% rise with only gym kit and toys increasingJanuary was a tough month for high street retailers as sales rose just 0.1%, far below City expectations, as higher prices continued to deter shoppers from spending.City analysts had expected a recovery of around 0.5% last month, after the unexpectedly sharp fall of 1.4% in December. The figures from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) indicate a pick up in year-on-year growth to 1.6% in January, from 1.5% in December, but analysts had hoped for a bigger turnaround after a very disappointing end to last year.

Chances of owning home in UK have more than halved in 20 years, Institute for Fiscal Studies saysThe chances of a young adult on a middle income owning a home in the UK have more than halved in the past two decades.New research from the Institute for Fiscal Studies shows how an explosion in house prices above income growth has increasingly robbed the younger generation of the ability to buy their own home. For 25- to 34-year-olds earning between £22,200 and £30,600 per year, home ownership fell to just 27% in 2016 from 65% two decades ago.Related: For Generation Rent, this housing crisis is far from over | Martha GillRelated: Only Labour can solve a housing crisis the Tories created | Owen Jones Continue reading...

Last week’s steep drop in equity prices is fading memory despite predictions of US interest rate hikesNew evidence of mounting US inflation has failed to derail the recovery from last week’s plunge in share prices, with global stock markets registering fresh gains.Last week’s steep drop in equity prices was a fading memory as Wall Street shrugged off concerns that mounting cost of living pressures could force the Federal Reserve, the US central bank, into a series of interest rate rises in 2018.

The international trade secretary says the government is committed to developing future trade policy in a transparent way, while Mike Watkins asks why the media gave Boris Johnson’s Brexit speech so much coverage, but largely ignored John McDonnell’s on nationalising public service provisionGeorge Monbiot’s article (Resist a US trade deal. Your life may depend on it, 14 February) makes a number of claims surrounding “secrecy” of UK trade deals, our negotiations capacity and our approach to standards. Unfortunately, those with an anti-globalisation and anti-trade agenda will be encouraged in their actions which can only damage developing countries and push up prices for ordinary families at home.The government publishes clear guidelines on how we share information, which the UK-US trade working group strictly follows. However, it will not surprise readers that we also need to share information with other states confidentially, in order to ensure continuing close commercial and diplomatic relations. In addition, we have committed to developing our future trade policy in a transparent way and have invited views on the UK’s approach, including to future free trade agreements, and are continuing to consult and meet with a wide range of stakeholders. This work is ongoing. Continue reading...

Jacob Zuma scandals dragged down the economy. Now Cyril Ramaphosa has the chance to unleash a regional superpowerTiming matters a lot in determining political success. Gordon Brown could hardly have become prime minister at a worse time because in the summer of 2007 the UK economy had been growing for 15 years, the financial crisis was just around the corner and the only way was down.

All the day’s economic and financial news, as shares recover from last week’s rout

Social media giants have left the US government impotent – Europe must lead the way

When sociologist Richard Sennett was fleeced by an iPhone dealer in Delhi, the pair struck up a friendship that opened a window into the informality of modern citiesIn the south-east of Delhi, a vast T-shaped market has arisen on top of an underground parking garage.

The Dow moves up 100 points, shrugging off fears of imminent interest rate riseWall Street shrugged off signs of building US inflation despite lingering fears that a rapid increase in prices would force the Federal Reserve to raise interest rates.Official US data showed the seasonally adjusted consumer price index (CPI) for January rose 0.5% as households paid more for petrol, rental accommodation and healthcare. The annual rate of growth in prices held steady at 2.1% against economists’ expectations for a fall to 1.9%.

Aditya Chakrabortty hears from Hazel Tilley, a long-time resident of the Liverpool neighbourhood of Granby and now chair of its community land trust. She explains how after decades of neglect from local government, the area took matters into its own hands to provide affordable housingSubscribe and review on Apple Podcasts, Soundcloud, Audioboom, Mixcloud and Acast, and join the discussion on Facebook and TwitterIn this episode Aditya Chakrabortty speaks to Hazel Tilley, the chair of the Granby community land trust, about how her Liverpool neighbourhood took on the local council and, with the help of an enterprising young architecture firm and a social investor, transformed their local housing market. They bought homes for £1 each and redeveloped them for sale, below market price, to people with a connection to the community. Continue reading...

After last week’s shares plunge, anxious bankers are watching out for the Fed’s interest rate rises and lower corporate profitsGet ready for phase two of Wall Street’s wobble. That was the fearful advice when the latest American inflation figures provided evidence that underlying cost of living pressures were surfacing in the world’s biggest economy.The thinking seemed impeccable. When shares were plunging last week the reason was that the markets thought rising inflation would prompt the Federal Reserve – the US central bank – into a series of interest rate rises this year. That assumption was certainly not challenged by figures showing that core inflation in the latest three months has been running at its highest annualised rate in more than six years.Related: Dow Jones plunges 1,000 points as inflation fears spook investorsRelated: Persimmon boss to give away part of £110m bonus Continue reading...

Lloyd Blankfein warns that Donald Trump’s $1.5tn tax cut plan could over-stimulate an already healthy economyThe Goldman Sachs boss, Lloyd Blankfein, has added his voice to the chorus warning that Donald Trump’s $1.5tn tax cut and spending plans could lead to an overheated US economy.“The odds of a bad outcome have gone up,” Blankfein told CNN on Wednesday. Related: Goldman Sachs profits hit by Trump tax overhaul – but banks set to win in long runRelated: Trump pledges to fix infrastructure but $200bn plan falls well short Continue reading...

Busy day for economic news sees key US inflation figures, IMF on the UK and eurozone growth data

Report indicates wages will rise above inflation in all sectors except Brexit-hit constructionBritish workers are set for the biggest annual pay rise in a decade, according to forecasts from the Bank of England’s agents, as the rising minimum wage and staff shortages finally begin to lift wages above inflation.Companies expect to increase pay by 3.1% in 2018, compared with 2.6% last year, according to the latest survey of private-sector employers by the Bank’s network of agents across the country. A total of 368 businesses responded to the survey carried out between late November and mid-January, accounting for 845,000 UK employees. Continue reading...

Mounting mortgage and other domestic costs will hit families hard if interest rates riseBritons will spend almost a third more on their mortgages and other household debts over the next five years, according to new data, sparking fears many may struggle to cope with mounting costs if interest rates rise as predicted.The projection, revealed by a freedom of information request to the Office for Budget Responsibility, found household debt servicing costs were set to climb 29% by 2023, the vast majority of which are likely to be mortgages.Inflation is when prices rise. Deflation is the opposite – price decreases over time – but inflation is far more common. Continue reading...

All the day’s economic and financial news, as Britain’s UK consumer prices index remains close to a six-year high

Expectations dashed that rate would fall as effects of Brexit vote on pound fadeBritish households remained under significant pressure last month from rising prices as the rate of inflation stayed at its highest level for almost six years, continuing the squeeze on consumers.The consumer price index (CPI) held steady at 3% in January for the second month running, according to the Office for National Statistics, confounding economists’ expectations that the rate would fall to 2.9% as the effects of the post-EU referendum drop in the pound begin to fade.Inflation is when prices rise. Deflation is the opposite – price decreases over time – but inflation is far more common. Continue reading...

Wall Street follows European markets higher after worst week for two years2.57pm GMTAfter a week which saw some $4tn wiped off the value of global stock markets, there is a better mood among investors at the moment.European markets have moved higher, with the FTSE 100 up 1.3% , Germany’s Dax 1.7% higher and France’s Cac climbing 1.5%.2.33pm GMTThe recovery in US markets seen late on Friday is continuing as Wall Street opens, despite the continuing strength of US bond yields.The Dow Jones Industrial Average is up around 300 points or 1.25%, while the S&P 500 and Nasdaq Composite are both up around 1%.1.53pm GMTHere’s IG’s opening calls for the US markets:US Opening Calls:#DOW 24483 +1.18%#SPX 2650 +1.13%#NASDAQ 6481 +1.12%#IGOpeningCall1.00pm GMTShares may be moving higher in the wake of Friday’s rebound on Wall Street, but US bond yields are also on the rise.Normally bond yields fall when markets rise, but 10 year US treasury yields remain at four year highs. Fawad Razaqzada, technical analyst at Forex.com, said:Have stocks and bond yields decoupled again? Friday’s reversal and today’s bullish follow-through in the stock markets have not been supported by rising government bond prices. As bonds have continued to sell-off, yields have pushed further higher. The benchmark 10-year Treasury yield has now climbed to above 2.9% for the first time since early 2014.Should yields march further higher – which is quite possible with the upcoming US inflation and retail sales data to look forward to on Wednesday – then there is a possibility the equity markets could be in for another volatile week. Indeed, we think that far too much technical damage has been incurred in the indices for the bulls to make a quick comeback and with all guns blazing...So, Friday’s bounce may well prove to be a mere dead-cat bounce for stocks.12.19pm GMTMeanwhile, Greece is watching the markets carefully with an eye to launching more bond sales before its final bailout program ends in August. Helena Smith reports from Athens:After successfully raising €3bn from its sale of a seven-year bond last week, Athens is now looking to complete at least two more bond sales as part of wider steps to reinforce market access and show investors it can go it alone.The Greek finance minister Euclid Tsakalotos has hinted that future issues could include a three-year bond – launched around the time of the March 4 general elections in Italy – and a ten-year bond. The government has announced plans to build a €19bn cash buffer that would allow the debt stricken country to cover debt repayments once the bailout programme expires.11.44am GMTThe stock market falls we have been seeing are not unusual but did take longer than expected to happen, says Richard Stammers, investment strategist at European Wealth Group. And things are likely to remain volatile, he says:We expect the short term to remain bumpy - possibly very bumpy. The definition of a correction is 10% off from the recent high and of a bear market, 20% off from the year high. So, whilst we are not in bear market territory, we need to recognise for every short term bounce there could be an equal and opposite slide back. Could we see lows of 15%? Quite possibly so, if we do, what should we do?We stand by our view that the next bear market will be triggered by an expectation of the end of the business cycle. We may now be late cycle, and the end may now be sooner than many had expected, but we don’t think it is imminent. So, with the global economy broadly strong, and many companies delivering robust earnings, we think this is a buying opportunity.11.31am GMTHere is Reuters on the interest rate comments from Bank of England policymaker Gertjan Vlieghe:Vlieghe said on Monday that a further rise in British interest rates was likely to be appropriate if a strong global economy and a labour market pick-up continued to offset Brexit headwinds.“A further rise in interest rates is likely to be appropriate if all those trends continue and we are on a trajectory. It wasn’t just one hike in November and then we take a very long break,” he said at a panel discussion hosted by the Resolution Foundation, a think tank.11.10am GMTAnother 4,418 jobs at collapsed Carillion have been saved, says the Official Receiver.The staff involved are at prison facilities management, defence bases catering, and cleaning services. So far around a third of Carillion’s staff have had their employment confirmed.11.05am GMTVlieghe says “I really am” at last seeing evidence of wage growth coming through, meaning it’s “likely to be appropriate” to raise interest ratesDavid Cheetham, chief market analyst at online trader XTB, said:MPC voting member Gertjan Vlieghe has been speaking this morning on a panel discussing household debt in London and remarks such as “there is increased evidence that tighter labour markets are beginning to have upwards effect on wages” and that “if there is less credit headwind to the UK economy then we maybe ready for rate hikes” are certainly erring on the side of being hawkish. The comments are even more noteworthy given that Mr Vlieghe is deemed one of the most dovish voting members.10.48am GMTMore from my colleague Richard Partington who is listening to the Bank of England’s Gertjan Vlieghe speak at the Resolution Foundation’s debt conference:Vlieghe says banks are now well capitalised so next crisis (whenever it comes) the “collateral damage” to the economy won’t be as greatHe also says the idea that low interest rates are to blame for rising house prices versus income “can’t be right” as US, Germany, Japan have had low rates and haven’t seen the same increasesVlieghe says UK is in a disruption where it is “appropriate to put up interest rates”He also says for unwinding QE by cutting the Bank’s balance sheet that “nothing has changed” on the idea that rates must rise before cutting. Closer to 2% bank rate is requiredBut. The Bank needs headroom to cut rates by about 1.5%. And if the lower bound is now close to zero as opposed to 0.5%. Then rates “don’t have to be” as close to 2%. Also says will watch the Fed unwinding closely for lessons.The lower bound having changed when th BOE decided to cut rates from 0.5% to 0.25% in the August emergency rate cut following the Brexit vote10.32am GMTCity firms need to do more to mitigate the risks of algorithmic trading, according to the UK’s financial watchdog.Automated trading was suggested as on of the causes of the recent stock market turmoil, with computerised selling accelarating as share prices tumbled.Automated technology brings significant benefits to investors, including increased execution speed and reduced costs. However, it can also amplify certain risks. It is essential that key oversight functions, including compliance and risk management, keep pace with technological advancements. In the absence of appropriate systems and controls, the increased speed and complexity of financial markets can turn otherwise manageable errors into extreme events with potentially wide-spread implications. As a result, algorithmic trading continues to be an area of focus for the FCA and other regulators across the globe.In general, we are encouraged that firms have taken steps to reduce risks inherent to algorithmic trading. However, further improvement is needed in a number of areas. For example, some firms lacked a suitable process to identify algorithmic trading across their business and did not have appropriate documentation in place to demonstrate suitable development and testing procedures are maintained. In these cases, firms also lacked a robust and comprehensive governance framework.10.13am GMTVlieghe says there is increased evidence that tight labour markets are beginning to have an upward effect on wages [another reason for a possible rise in rates]. He adds:Gertjan Vlighe of the MPC says that households should be able to cope with higher rates, given that balance sheets are in better shape. But we still have much to learn about such relationships.10.07am GMTThe Resolution Foundation is holding a seminar on household debt at the moment, with speakers including the Bank of England’s Gertjan Vlieghe:Resolution Foundation chief economist Matt Whittaker says minority of borrowers “are set to suffer even with quite modest moves” in interest rates... up next, Gertjan VliegheVlieghe says households are on average releveraging (taking on more debt) after a period of deleveraging (cutting borrowing levels) at a time of eroding slack in the economy — therefore, there is a case for raising interest ratesVlieghe says a continuation in rising debt levels would be unsustainable10.00am GMTThe removal of some of the market’s recent complacency is no bad thing, says Joseph Amato at investment management group Neuberger Berman:Before last week, the last meaningful market correction took place in 2016, when investors were concerned about the potential for a US recession, a China hard landing and low oil prices. But weakness was short-lived and markets have generally advanced since then.The most recent pullback seems to have been triggered by the 2.9% wage inflation reading in the US and resulting fears the Fed would accelerate interest rate increases. But the loss was exacerbated by excessive investor complacency – something that has clearly been removed over the past week – as well as technical factors. This removal of complacency is a healthy development, as is the reduction in equity valuations...On balance, we still expect global equity markets to rise this year. However, we expect the rate of increase to moderate. The risk of an outright bear market remains low, as bear markets normally coincide with recessions. We see a low risk of recession currently and expect growth in the global economy to continue gathering momentum.However, we continue to think the market has under-estimated the scope for a rise in inflation this year – both in the US and globally. We also think the market has potentially misjudged the Fed’s desire to normalise interest rate policy. That said, rates should likely remain low, in absolute and historical terms.9.16am GMTThe Vix volatility index, which had been pretty dormant for several months before surging last week, has slipped back this morning.It hit as high as 50 last week but is now down 10% at 26 as some calm returns.8.50am GMTOne of the sparks for the recent sell-off was the stronger than expected growth in US wages, which led to speculation that the Federal Reserve could raise interest rates more often than previously expected.So one of the key events this week is likely to be the latest US inflation data, which could go some way to either easing or confirming those concerns. Rebecca O’Keeffe, head of investment at interactive investor:Investors are breathing a sigh of relief after the torrid times last week, with European equity markets rallying this morning. Buying the dip has been a very difficult call in recent days, with every attempt at engagement punished in subsequent market moves, so investors will be hoping that this is a genuine buying opportunity. The key event of the week is US Consumer Price data on Wednesday, with investors anxious to determine whether the inflation fears that have helped to drive recent market moves have been overdone or if these concerns are justified.A softer print on Wednesday would go some way to easing current investor fears. Wage inflation did not emerge in 2017 and even if you believe the data last week is a sign of things to come, usual lags mean this will not be evident in consumer prices until toward year-end or even into 2019.8.39am GMTOne of the world’s biggest advertisers is warning it might take action against tech companies over online harassment, hate speech and other issues:The consumer goods multinational Unilever is threatening to withdraw its advertising from online platforms such as Facebook and Google if they fail to protect children, promote hate or create division in society.In a speech later today, Keith Weed, the Unilever chief marketing officer, will say that, as a brand-led business, Unilever “needs its consumers to have trust in our brands”.Related: Marmite maker Unilever threatens to pull ads from Facebook and Google8.35am GMTEuropean markets are holding on to their early gains, and with US futures suggesting a positive open on Wall Street, there is some cautious optimism around. But Connor Campbell, financial analyst at Spreadex, warned:As proven time and again, these things can turn on a dime, and it is way, way too early to treat the day’s initial growth with anything but caution. Still, the FTSE climbed more than 1% after the bell, taking it towards 7170, with the CAC up 1.2% and the DAX leading the charge thanks to a near 1.7% surge, one that leaves the German index back above 12300. Importantly the Dow Jones currently looks set to follow in Europe’s footsteps, with the index’s futures pointing to a 170 point rise later this afternoon.The forex markets were slightly more subdued. Both the pound and euro tried to claw back some of their recent losses against the dollar; the former rose 0.2%, but is still the wrong side of $1.385, while the latter jumped 0.3% to tease $1.227. Against each other, meanwhile, there was nothing to separate the two, with sterling flat around €1.128.8.05am GMTAs forecast, European markets are benefitting from the rebound on Wall Street and have started the week on a brighter note after the recent turmoil.The FTSE 100 is up 0.8% while Germany’s Dax has added 1% and France’s Cac has climbed 0.9%.7.55am GMTWith the prospect of rising UK interest rates, Brexit concerns, and the continuing squeeze on real wages, UK consumers appeared to have kept their money in their pockets last month, according to a Visa survey. Reuters has the details:British shoppers spent less last month than the year before, causing spending in January to fall for the first time since 2013, according to a survey which underscored many households’ caution about their finances and the approach of Brexit.Visa, whose debit and credit cards are used for a third of payments in Britain, said on Monday that consumers stayed away from the traditional post-Christmas sales last month.“Consumer spending entered the new year on a downbeat note, falling for the eighth time in the past nine months, as Britons continued to cut back on spending,” Visa’s chief commercial officer, Mark Antipof, said.A fall in car sales weighed on the overall sales figures too. But there was better news for hotels and restaurants - as well as for hair salons and sellers of beauty products, as consumers looked for small treats for themselves.7.43am GMTGood morning, and welcome to our rolling coverage of the world economy, the financial markets, the eurozone and business.After last week’s market turmoil, which saw Wall Street enter correction territory (losing 10% from its recent peak) and some $4trn wiped off global share values, investors will be hoping for some respite this morning.European Opening Calls:#FTSE 7165 +1.02%#DAX 12290 +1.51%#CAC 5140 +1.19%#MIB 22510 +1.55%#IBEX 9740 +1.05%For a market that has enjoyed steady gains and fairly low volatility over the course of the past two years the steepness of the falls speaks to a complacency that has been prevalent for a while now and which appears to have been shattered in the wake of a surge in volatility.How this plays out over the coming days depends on whether the rebound we saw on Friday can translate into some form of base for a continuation of the uptrend that has been in place for the last nine years. This may well depend on whether we see further increases in bond yields, or a rise in interest rate expectations from other central banks around the world.There had been a lot of complacency built up in markets over a long time, so we don’t think this shakeout will be over in a matter of days. We’ll probably have a much bigger shakeout coming.Related: 'Big shakeout coming': markets stem losses as hedge fund sounds warning Continue reading...

Almost half of low-income families are believed to be in debt distress alreadyThe Bank of England’s warning that it plans to raise interest rates from as early as May will hit millions of low-income families who have only survived financially for a decade by using cheap credit.The Resolution Foundation said almost half of low-income families were in debt distress before Threadneedle Street said last week that it needed to increase the base rate at an accelerated pace over the next two years. Continue reading...

After $4 trn losses last week, Australian shares fall 0.4% on Monday as US investor says markets have become ‘complacent’Financial markets are braced for more volatility this week amid predictions from the world’s biggest hedge fund that a “big shakeout” is coming.The Australian stock market was the first to test the water on Monday morning and one point was down 0.7%.Related: Test of nerve for markets as 10 years of cheap money come to an endBest & worst stocks after the first hour of trade on the #ASX 200. Source Bloomberg #ausbiz pic.twitter.com/lQaPktcr6ZBloomberg’s world market cap chart has looked rather scary for awhile.

As economics prevents adult offspring leaving home, might England be moving towards a tendency to favour more authoritarian governments, wonders Dr John RicherSonia Sodha’s article (8 February) alludes to the effect of cultural differences on the ways families are structured, how members care for each other and government policy. In 1983 the French sociologist Emmanuel Todd published La Troisième Planète, translated into English in 1985 as The Explanation of Ideology: Family Structures and Social Systems. Todd sought to explain, by considering family structures, why different areas adopt different political systems. Two key differences were: 1. Inheritance patterns: equal or unequal division of the estate (equality v inequality). 2. Offspring tending to leave young or to stay at home into adulthood under the paterfamilias (liberty v authority). He characterised countries or areas by one of the four possible combinations. England and a few other places were characterised by liberty-inequality, and had the most stable democratic systems. Germany tended to authority-inequality and had tended to rightwing authoritarian governments, in Russia there was authority-equality and so tended to leftwing authoritarian (communist) governments.The book sometimes seems inclined not to let facts spoil an interesting idea, and events after its publication do not entirely support its thesis. But Todd’s interesting point is that family structures influence political systems. Continue reading...

The unnecessary policy of austerity pursued over the last few years has done more damage to the UK growth rate than any of the Brexit scenarios, argues Professor Tony ThirlwallThe way you (and other newspapers) have reported the Treasury estimates of the potential costs of Brexit to the UK as a whole, and to the regions, under different Brexit scenarios is very misleading (Revealed: the £80bn cost of hard Brexit, 8 February).The reported average estimated cost of 10% or so is not of a “hit to growth” (as you put it) but of the potential reduction in the level of output over a period of 15 years compared with staying in the EU. A reduction in output of 10% over a 15-year period is a “hit” to the growth rate of less than 0.5% per annum (compound), which is within the margin of error, and takes no account of compensatory domestic policy. Continue reading...

The improving world economy means rising employment and pay – and thus rising inflation and interest ratesChristine Lagarde had good news to tell when she turned up in Davos three weeks ago to announce the International Monetary Fund’s latest economic forecasts. The global economy was doing better than expected pretty much everywhere, the IMF’s managing director said.There was, though, another message, a warning not to get too carried away about a recovery that had left out large numbers of people and was not based on particularly solid foundations. “There is also significant uncertainty in the year ahead,” Lagarde said. “The long period of low interest rates has led to a buildup of potentially serious financial sector vulnerabilities.”Why are stock markets falling?Related: Test of nerve for markets as 10 years of cheap money come to an endInflation is when prices rise. Deflation is the opposite – price decreases over time – but inflation is far more common.Related: 1950s prosperity or 1970s crash? Two ways a US interest rate rise could go Continue reading...

A glance at Britain’s history with Europe reveals that, then as now, we are worse off outside a union than we are inside itWhen I was a schoolboy it was common practice to go to the cinema (or “the pictures”, as we used to say) and arrive well after the start of a double bill. We would then stay until the action in the first film had reached the point where we had come in.As this country becomes the laughing stock of the world in regard to the so-called “negotiations” about Brexit, we find that, hey presto, this is where we came in.In our 45 years of membership, we have built up tens of thousands of links that it is absurd to try to remove Continue reading...

With economic signals positive and interest rates set to rise, recent turmoil is just the start of a rollercoaster ride for sharesStock markets are heading for a wild ride this year as central bankers strap on their bullet-proof vests and test investors’ willingness to accept higher interest rates. Last week’s share price crashes, which in two days wiped $4 trillion off the value of markets around the world, was just a foretaste of the battle to come.In the days following Monday’s crash, share values have recovered strongly only to dive again as competing theories about the path of interest rates and the likely impact on economic growth fight for attention.Related: Donald Trump says stock market is making a 'big mistake' after drop Continue reading...

An interest rates expert ponders outcomes for the US economy as the central bank looks set to end the era of cheap moneyRemember Quantum Leap? In the sci-fi show, time traveling scientist Sam Beckett would wake up in another era and have to work out where he was in history before solving this week’s mystery. Well, that’s the position the world’s economists and traders are in this week.Since the end of the last recession, interest rates have been at a historic low. Now, with wages rising and the global economy booming, central banks look set to end the era of cheap money. As stock markets panic about the short-term impact on share prices, Richard Sylla, the co-author of the seminal A History of Interest Rates, poses a longer-term question: where are we? The 1950s or the 1970s?Everything tells me the trend is going to be up. The question is, what sort of trend will it be?Related: Making millions from chaos: the fund cashing in on the stock market collapse Continue reading...