Each month we look at key indicators to see what effect the Brexit process has on growth, prosperity and trade

Latest analysis show widening disconnect between good economic news and deep fears of a no-deal Brexit

As Africa seeks new ways to tackle high debt, low pay and inequality, Nobel laureate Joseph Stiglitz believes two countries offer an alternative to the ‘Asian tiger’ modelThere’s a speech that the Nobel-prize winning economist Joseph Stiglitz has been taking around African countries these past few years.Last autumn the venue was South Africa’s capital, Cape Town, and the issue was among the most pressing facing the continent: how its economies can grow fast enough to keep up with the world’s most sharply expanding and youthful populations, which will include three-quarters of the additional 4 billion people on the planet by the end of this century.Related: In Ethiopia’s bushlands, promised riches of a railway boom turn to dust Continue reading...

Strict restrictions on funds include commitment to zero deficit for 2019 and limits on central bank actionsArgentina has received the biggest loan package ever from the International Monetary Fund, aimed at shoring up the country’s ailing finances: a whopping $57.1bn that will be disbursed over the next three years.

Policymakers at the US central bank raise interest rates for the third time this year, to 2.25%

Move is the eighth since 2015 as the central bank aims to unwind years of historically low ratesThe US Federal Reserve raised short-term interest rates again on Wednesday, the eighth such move since 2015 as the central bank moves to unwind years of historically low rates.After a two-day meeting the Fed announced a quarter percentage point rise in its benchmark rate to a range of 2% to 2.25%. The rate is used to set credit card, mortgage and loan rates and will trigger rises across the board for consumers. Continue reading...

The president’s belief that the nation state can cure economic ills is not without meritOnce every three years the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank hold their annual meetings out of town. Instead of schlepping over to Washington, the gathering of finance ministers and central bank governors is hosted by a member state. Ever since the 2000 meeting in Prague was besieged by anti-globalisation rioters, the away fixtures have tended to be held in places that are hard to get to or where the regime tends to take a dim view of protest: Singapore, Turkey, Peru.This year’s meeting will take place in a couple of weeks on the Indonesian island of Bali, where the IMF and the World Bank can be reasonably confident that the meetings will not be disrupted. At least not from the outside. The real threat no longer comes from balaclava-wearing anarchists throwing Molotov cocktails but from within. Donald Trump is now the one throwing the petrol bombs and for multilateral organisations like the IMF and World Bank, that poses a much bigger threat.Related: Who’s laughing now? The science behind the UN’s reaction to Trump | Sophie Scott Continue reading...

Blackstone boss challenges PM over risks UK departure may have on future investmentTheresa May has been put on the defensive over Brexit at a business summit in New York after a leading chief executive asked her to explain the possible risks of Britain’s departure on future investment, saying: “How bad can things get?”The question came from Steve Schwarzman of asset management firm Blackstone. He described Brexit as “a little daunting”, and asked May about what he said were the risks of a change of government in the UK.Related: EU steps up plans for no-deal Brexit as Labour stance alarms capitals Continue reading...

A stimulating study argues that the language of creativity in government and business is all too often a cover for austerity and corporate intrusion into our daily livesAre you a member of the “creative classes”? You might be if you do something that vaguely involves ideas or images, and aspire to live in a warehouse-style apartment next to an artisan coffee shop and pop-up gallery. But what’s so wrong with that? Reader, I sat in a hipster cafe in London’s East End and prepared to find out.The book’s beginning is wobbly, as it tries to show that the very idea of creativity was invented by modern capitalism. In his day, Shakespeare would not have been thought a genius but a mere “craftsman” or “wordsmith”, Oli Mould claims. This would have come as a surprise to Shakespeare’s friend Ben Jonson, who called him “the star of poets”, and one who was “not of an age but for all time”. Meanwhile, the Enlightenment is blamed for colonialism (which came first), and for “the privatisation of creativity” by wealthy people commissioning art, although patronage has supported artists at least since Roman times.Creativity, Mould insists, is never allowed to be apolitical Continue reading...

Supply chain chiefs at 1,300 surveyed firms say firms are already stockpiling parts amid fear of no-deal BrexitDelays of only half an hour at UK ports and the Irish border would risk one in 10 British firms going bankrupt, according to a report laying bare the severe risk to the economy from no-deal Brexit.According to the Chartered Institute of Procurement and Supply (CIPS), failure to reach a deal with Brussels before March could trigger massive queues of trucks at British borders from a vast increase in paperwork and checks to clear customs.Related: Next warns of Brexit port delays and higher pricesRelated: Rotterdam prepared for worst when Britain crashes out of EURelated: A no-deal Brexit survival guide: what food to stockpile Continue reading...

In conference speech Labour leader to lay out plans to change direction of economyJeremy Corbyn will on Wednesday attack the “greed-is-good” capitalism that he claims has resulted in large swaths of the UK being left behind, promising a raft of new policies including a “green jobs revolution” that will create 400,000 new positions.The Labour leader will attempt to reset the theme of the Labour conference which has so far been dominated by deep divisions over its Brexit stance and return to his core argument about the failure of the broken economic system.Related: Labour delegates back Keir Starmer push for public vote on BrexitRelated: Has Labour's stance on Brexit changed? Continue reading...

Readers respond to John Harris’s article on whether Labour can forge a new 21st-century socialismJohn Harris’s stimulating piece (Can Labour forge a new 21st-century socialism?, 24 September) contained a dangerous proposal: to devolve social security powers to “the most local level possible”. Does he mean that social security benefit rates and regulations would be decided at this level? If so, this would undermine social security’s status as a human right, which provides protection regardless of where citizens live within a country, turning it into a “postcode lottery”.The precedent of devolution of parts of the social fund to local welfare assistance schemes in England – either cut back or abolished completely in many hard-pressed local authorities – does not augur well. The “authoritarian and hateful” elements of the current benefits system are due not to its centralised nature but to punitive policies, which could just as well be applied by some local authorities, with less chance of legal redress. Yes, such a policy would mean leaving the 20th century – for the 19th century or even earlier, with shades of the poor law. The priority for the 21st century should be a decent social security scheme that provides genuine security and respects the rights and dignity of all.

Peso tumbles as Luis Caputo resigns amid ongoing talks for emergency IMF fundingThe head of the Argentinian central bank has resigned after just three months in charge and while the country is negotiating emergency financial support from the International Monetary Fund.In the latest twist of the economic crisis, Luis Caputo resigned unexpectedly on Tuesday, sending the peso tumbling on the foreign exchanges. The currency had already dropped by more than 50% this year amid fears about a recession and high levels of government debt, and despite the government imposing fresh austerity measures in an attempt to stem the crisis. Continue reading...

Around the world weary workers are staying late at the office or taking naps on the job – while data reveals the link between sleep and wagesKonomu Suido is a rarity among Tokyo executives: most evenings, he gets home in time to cook dinner with his girlfriend. “There’s an expectation in Tokyo that you shouldn’t leave work before your boss,” he explains. For many of the city’s suits, sleep is often fleeting.It’s the same in many cities around the world, with working hours and lengthy commutes encroaching on bedtimes. Sleeplessness seems a particular problem – even a badge of honour – in urban centres of power and innovation, with rest long derided as an opportunity cost by society’s leaders. Margaret Thatcher claimed to sleep just four hours a night – now it’s Elon Musk defending his 120-hour work weeks, telling Arianna Huffington that sleep is not an option.We thought: 'sleep takes up a third of our lives, but nobody in economics is looking at it'There’s a chicken-and-egg relationship between sleep and wages – sleep can be both a cause and consequence of incomeSome people need to work three jobs. For others, their time is too valuable to take a break. Neither feels they can afford to sleepRelated: The art of the urban nap: let's lose the stigma of public snoozing Continue reading...

Victoria’s industrial left says it ‘will never stop fighting the trans-Pacific partnership agreement and its attacks on working people’Labor’s internal woes on the Trans-Pacific partnership trade pact TPP-11 are persisting, with the industrial left faction in Victoria attempting to trigger a grass roots ballot to stop the federal party supporting the deal.The Victorian sortie, which comes before a meeting of the national left caucus in just over a week to sort through the faction’s agenda for the December ALP conference, follows the leaking of caucus minutes detailing the internal debate over the trade deal.Related: Labor drops opposition to Trans-Pacific Partnership trade deal Continue reading...

Commerce minister says the resumption of talks depends on US ‘will’ as Beijing also accuses Washington of bullyingThe United States is putting “a knife to China’s neck” on trade issues, a senior Chinese official has said, as the two sides struggle to find a way to end a months-long standoff over trade.A day after both sides heaped fresh tariffs on each other’s goods, vice-commerce minister Wang Shouwen said the resumption of talks on the matter depended on the “will” of the US.Related: The US-China trade war is unlikely to be settled soon | Nils Pratley Continue reading...

Massive earnings might reflect strength – but history suggests we should expect volatilityThe US stock market, as measured by the monthly real (inflation-adjusted) S&P Composite Index, or S&P 500, has increased 3.3-fold since its bottom in March 2009. This makes the US stock market the most expensive in the world, according to the cyclically adjusted price-to-earnings (CAPE) ratio that I have long advocated. Is the price increase justified, or are we witnessing a bubble?One might think the increase is justified, given that real quarterly S&P 500 reported earnings per share rose 3.8-fold over essentially the same period, from the first quarter of 2009 to the second quarter of 2018. In fact, the price increase was a little less than equal to earnings.Related: Donald Trump’s currency confusion continues | Jeffrey Frankel Continue reading...

Economists warn overseas buyers moving away from UK suppliers due to uncertaintyBritain’s manufacturers have warned of the mounting risk of a no-deal Brexit as export orders dropped to the lowest level in almost a year.The CBI industrial trends survey, which gauges manufacturing activity across the UK, revealed slowing economic output for the three months to September, with company export orders the lowest since October 2017. Continue reading...

Nobel prizewinning economist who produced an influential 2010 review of the tax system that advocated fundamental reformProbably the finest moment in the working life of Sir James Mirrlees came in 1968 when, he recalled, “I finally cracked the optimal tax problem … it came in a flash and was very satisfactory.”Mirrlees, who has died aged 82, arrived at his conclusions about taxation in the middle of Harold Wilson’s government, when tax rates were as high as 80% and the Kinks wrote their famous anti-tax song Sunny Afternoon. Continue reading...

The true story of how the City of London invented offshore banking – and set the rich free

Washington imposes $200bn taxes on Chinese goods, while Beijing targets $60bn of US goodsThe United States and China have imposed new tit-for-tat tariffs against each other’s goods, the latest escalation in a heated trade war between the world’s two largest economies.US tariffs on $200bn worth of Chinese goods and retaliatory tariffs by Beijing on $60bn worth of US products took effect at 0400 GMT. The two countries already exchanged tariffs on $50bn worth of each other’s goods earlier this year.Even while running for president, Donald Trump waged a war of words against China, promising punitive import tariffs to “bring back” jobs to America.Related: US-China relations deteriorating fast over flashpoint issuesRelated: The US-China trade war is unlikely to be settled soon | Nils Pratley Continue reading...

Amid speculation about a snap election, the party should get prepared for pushback from City and business interestsDowning Street is war-gaming a snap general election. The Sunday papers are alive with stories that Theresa May is weighing up the possibility of seeking public support for her Brexit strategy. Voters could soon be trooping off to polling stations to elect a government for the third time in little more than three years.Given the disastrous result the last time the prime minister went down this route, it seems likely that May would only call a general election as a last resort. That said, the events of the past week mean that anything could happen.Related: An economic recovery based around high debt is really no recovery | Larry Elliott Continue reading...

As it prepares for its annual conference, it is time for the party to abandon its lame acceptance of the EU referendum resultIs this year’s Labour conference in Liverpool going to rise to the occasion and put the party firmly on the road to stopping Brexit?With mounting support among trade unionists for a “people’s vote”, it would be a welcome outcome if what my old friend and Observer colleague Alan Watkins called “the people’s party” finally got its act together in the interests of the country and all working people.Leaving the EU would do absolutely nothing to alleviate the concerns of “left-behind” voters Continue reading...

In Rotterdam, everyone assumes the UK will leave the single market and customs union. We went to see how it plans to cope with the upheavalEurope’s largest port, Rotterdam, is counting down to Brexit. “In about 200 days’ time, if nothing else happens… we will need to supervise all the goods coming in and out of the UK market,” says Roel van ’t Veld, Brexit coordinator at the Dutch customs authority.Hard Brexit or soft? Chequers dead or alive? Does “max-fac” make any sense? The feverish debate in Westminster is distant for officials in Rotterdam, who are working on the assumption the UK will leave the EU’s single market and customs union on 29 March 2019.I would like the UK to stay within the common market, but it appears that the UK prefers not to Continue reading...

With Brexit, everything from the economy to the union is under threat. Do the Conservatives know what they have done?A party committed to defending the economic interests of rich elites could never win by saying so. After the advent of working-class suffrage, Conservatives had to have an offer for everyone. There would be room at the top for those who laboured hard, they promised. We will keep out the foreigners and harshly punish the criminals. We will be uncompromising in our defence of the union. We will be defiant against external foes. But a mainstay of Tory propaganda was always this: we are a bulwark against chaos, the custodians of economic security. Scare-mongering about Labour’s chilling threat to the economy was even deployed against Tony Blair, a man who posed no serious threat to Thatcher’s consensus: the Tories’ 1997 slogan was “Britain’s booming – don’t let Labour ruin it”. So look now as the Tories prepare the biggest economic shock imposed by a British government in modern history. How can they ever deliver their finger-wagging lectures on economic credibility ever again?Related: Gina Miller launches campaign to 'end the Brexit chaos'Related: Brexit has created chaos in Britain – nobody voted for this | Zoe Williams Continue reading...

Results likely to frustrate chancellor as he prepares to fund pledge for £20bn annual rise in NHS spending by 2023-24

The US president blames China but even a basic understanding of economics shows it’s his own policies that bloat the dollarNext month, the US Department of the Treasury is due to submit to Congress its biannual report detailing which countries, if any, are manipulating their currencies to gain an unfair trade advantage. For his part, President Donald Trump is already accusing China of doing so, as he did throughout the 2016 election campaign. And he is reportedly trying to influence the Treasury Department’s deliberations.What has changed since the last report in April? That document, like similar reports written during the previous two administrations, did not find China guilty of manipulation. In fact, the last time the Treasury Department declared China (or anyone else) a manipulator was in 1994.China and the US officially launched a trade war on 6 July. After months of threats and negotiations, the US implemented tariffs of 25% on $34bn in Chinese goods. Within minutes, China’s ministry of commerce said Beijing was being “forced to fight back”. Continue reading...

Susan Hawley of Corruption Watch and Rachel Teka Davies of Transparency International UK say banks will act with impunity until our corporate liability laws are changedAlex Bailin’s article (Gordon Brown is wrong to say British banking is still a free-for-all, 16 September) is extraordinarily complacent. The fact is that the UK’s record on prosecuting the wrongdoing behind the financial crisis is extremely poor, with no senior executives charged (only lower-level employees) and no bank successfully prosecuted. Just in May this year, a judge dismissed charges in the only prosecution ever brought against a bank for financial-crisis wrongdoing. The arcane corporate liability rules in this country make it impossible to prosecute large financial institutions. Until the government brings forward legislation to change the law and replace those rules, banks will continue to operate with impunity in the UK.

What lessons have been learned a decade on from the financial crisis?A decade on from the financial crisis and Britain is still counting the economic and political costs. Have lessons been learned? Culprits punished? Mistakes put right? Or are we doomed to repeat the great crash?Joining Heather Stewart is Adam Tooze, author of Crashed: How a Decade of Financial Crises Changed the World. Continue reading...

President boasts of growth and suggests workers who don’t like their jobs should move elsewhere ‘in our great economy’Donald Trump urged Americans to “start looking” for new jobs if they were unhappy with their situation as he boasted of economic growth in tweets Thursday.“Financial and jobs numbers are fantastic. There are plenty of new, high paying jobs available in our great and very vibrant economy,” Trump wrote. “If you are not happy where you are, start looking - but also remember, our economy is only getting better. Vote in Midterms!”Related: The Democratic party went awol in 2016 – and is still missing | Cas MuddeFinancial and jobs numbers are fantastic. There are plenty of new, high paying jobs available in our great and very vibrant economy. If you are not happy where you are, start looking - but also remember, our economy is only getting better. Vote in Midterms! Continue reading...

Leading thinktank scales back forecasts and warns escalating trade war is denting investmentThe west’s leading economic thinktank has warned that the expansion in the global economy may have peaked after cutting its growth forecasts for an array of rich and developing countries.In its latest update on the health of the world economy, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development said the outlook for both 2018 and 2019 was less good than it had predicted in May.Related: China vows not to launch currency war against 'insincere' US over tariffs – business liveRelated: The US-China trade war is unlikely to be settled soon | Nils Pratley Continue reading...

Roberto Azevêdo is determined to get the two countries talking and defuse the growing conflictThe head of the World Trade Organization has pledged to mediate between the US and China as fears grow that the escalating trade conflict between the world’s two biggest economies could lead to a full-scale global trade war.Related: China hits back at US with $60bn of new tariffs Continue reading...

The privileged access of British and EU citizens to each other’s countries has a value that economic statistics cannot measureIt is impossible to imagine Brexit without debate over immigration. So it is remarkable that the final report by the Migration Advisory Committee (MAC), established to inform post-Brexit policy, presumes that immigration will not be covered by the UK’s final deal with the EU. The report, published earlier this week, does not recommend the exclusion of migration from talks in Brussels. The MAC’s working timetable meant it had to imagine a world without special access of EU and UK citizens to each other’s labour markets. But that loss is not a foregone conclusion, nor is it desirable.Related: Theresa May urges EU crackdown on 'travel agents' for migrants Continue reading...

Businesses are busy stockpiling materials, from car parts to chocolate ingredients. This could cause a recessionA lettuce is a useless candidate for stockpiling ahead of a possible no-deal Brexit. A tin of soup is better. What else could be on the list of things to hoard is a question every household and business manager will ask themselves in the next few months.The government has shown the way with plans to order enough medicines to see the NHS through the worst that Brexit has to offer.Is this yet another anti-Brexit salvo from the team that brought you project fear? Not reallyRelated: A no-deal Brexit survival guide: what food to stockpile Continue reading...

The cost of living in Britain has jumped, as consumers pay more for clothing and transport.

Syrian war and population growth in parts of Africa hit drive to improve poverty ratesThe war in Syria and a population surge in sub-Saharan Africa have undermined efforts to reduce the number of people living in extreme poverty, the World Bank has said.In its annual report, the Washington-based development agency said the proportion of people living in such conditions had fallen to a new low of 10% in 2015 – the latest number available – down from 11% in 2013. It meant that the number of people living on less than $1.90 a day fell by 68 million to 736 million.Related: UK households face squeeze after surprise inflation jump to 2.7% Continue reading...

Dearer autumn clothing ranges boost CPI to six-month high despite a forecast fallUK inflation unexpectedly rose to the highest level in six months in August, pushed up by the rising cost of items including theatre tickets, package holidays, and high street shops launching their new-season autumn clothing ranges.The Office for National Statistics said the consumer price index (CPI) jumped to 2.7% last month from 2.5% in July, confounding economists’ forecasts for the rate to fall to 2.4%.Inflation is when prices rise. Deflation is the opposite – price decreases over time – but inflation is far more common. Continue reading...

Industry body warns tariffs would add £5bn to cost of 2.7m vehicles, with average price rising as much as £2,700 in EUThe average cost of a car from an EU country could rise by £1,500 in the event of a no-deal Brexit, the UK’s automotive trade body has predicted.The Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders warned that leaving without a deal was “not an option” for the automotive sector, which supports more than 800,000 jobs in the UK. Continue reading...

Trump needs a quick result but is unlikely to get one without drawing in other nationsJack Ma’s prediction that the US-China trade war could last 20 years sounds plausible. At the very least, the Alibaba billionaire’s opening analysis is surely correct: “If you want a short-term solution, there is no solution.”First, an immediate climbdown by either side is out of the question. Donald Trump’s imposition of 10% tariffs on $200bn of Chinese imports was quickly followed by China’s retaliation – duties of up to 10% on $60bn worth of US goods travelling in the other direction. Beijing’s response was weaker than some had expected but could not be described as a step backwards. China seems to be saying that it has been drawn reluctantly into this tit-for-tat exchange but is prepared to keep going if necessary.Related: Donald Trump's reliance on Chinese restraint is riskyRelated: Time to regulate bitcoin, says Treasury committee report Continue reading...

Economists and politicians warn Australia is exposed to both economies and their tariff blowsAustralia’s economic growth could suffer a serious setback as the country’s exporters risk being caught up in the mounting trade war between the United States and China.As Beijing retaliated with tariffs on $60bn of US goods following the Trump administration’s $200bn hit on Chinese imports, a closely watched index on Australia’s economic prospects pointed to a slowing in momentum for the remainder of the year and into 2019.Related: US casts doubt on Australia's claim of permanent exemption from Trump's tariffsRelated: Australian house values fall by $13bn in three months as capital city prices slide Continue reading...

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China has announced a levy on $60bn of US goods, hours after Donald Trump imposed new tariffs on $200bn of Chinese products

Response to Donald Trump’s imposition of $200bn tariffs further escalates trade warChina is to slap tariffs on an additional $60bn (£46bn) of imports from the US in retaliation against $200bn of new trade sanctions on Chinese goods announced by Donald Trump.The latest moves represent a new step towards a full-scale trade war between the world’s two biggest economies. Further escalation is deemed likely because Trump is facing low approval ratings ahead of the US midterm elections in November, while China will not want to be seen to back down.Related: The Guardian view on US-China trade wars: careful what you start | EditorialRelated: Donald Trump's reliance on Chinese restraint is risky Continue reading...

Xi Jinping may grow tired of role as ‘adult in the room’ in dealings with US presidentChina’s response to Donald Trump’s escalating trade war has been relatively restrained so far. But Tuesday’s latest $200bn (£152bn) increase in US tariffs, with the threat of more to come, may provoke tougher, asymmetrical retaliation as Xi Jinping, China’s president, comes under pressure to stand up to perceived American bullying.Mildly criticising Trump’s actions as “incorrect”, China has until now confined itself to reciprocal tariff rises – on Tuesday hitting the US back with $60bn of new tariffs. But indications that Beijing will boycott scheduled talks on the dispute, due in Washington next week, suggest a more robust, possibly wide-ranging response may be under consideration.Related: Trump hits China with $200bn of new tariffs as trade war escalates Continue reading...

President imposes import tariffs that will affect US consumers as he criticises ‘unfair practices’Donald Trump has intensified his trade war with China by imposing new tariffs of $200bn on Chinese goods arriving in the US from next week.The US president announced the tariffs in a statement, saying: “If China takes retaliatory action against our farmers or other industries, we will immediately pursue phase three, which is tariffs on approximately $267bn of additional imports.”Related: Markets wary as US-China trade talks end without breakthrough - as it happenedTariffs have put the U.S. in a very strong bargaining position, with Billions of Dollars, and Jobs, flowing into our Country - and yet cost increases have thus far been almost unnoticeable. If countries will not make fair deals with us, they will be “Tariffed!”Related: American farmers fear being caught up in Trump's trade wars Continue reading...

The Obama administration’s refusal to write down mortgage debts led to the rise of TrumpThe recent exchange between Joe Stiglitz and Larry Summers about “secular stagnation” and its relation to the tepid economic recovery after the 2008-09 financial crisis is an important one. History does not repeat itself, but it rhymes, Mark Twain reportedly once said. But, to paraphrase Bob Dylan, in light of our recent economic history, history doesn’t rhyme, it swears.Stiglitz and Summers appear to agree that policy was inadequate to address the structural challenges that the crisis revealed and intensified. Their debate addresses the size of the fiscal stimulus, the role of financial regulation and the importance of income distribution. But additional issues need to be explored in depth.Related: Lehman collapse: what has happened to the markets since?Related: Ten years after the crash: have the lessons of Lehman been learned? | Yanis Varoufakis and othersRelated: What became of the G20 leaders who met in 2008 to avert financial crisis?Related: We are due a recession in 2020 – and we will lack the tools to fight it | Nouriel Roubini Continue reading...

Christine Lagarde says tackling gender inequality will boost growth and productivityThe head of the International Monetary Fund has said it should be “politically incorrect” for companies not to have a woman in a senior position.Christine Lagarde said even companies with “no moral compass” should recognise they can boost their profits through promoting women to senior and boardroom positions.Related: Sustainable development goals: changing the world in 17 steps – interactive Continue reading...

Michael Jacobs, Bill Hughes, Carolyn Jones, Nick Mayer and Richard Stallman offer ideas for a fairer BritainSurveying the legacy of the 2008 financial crisis (A decade on, rethink the relationship between the state and the market, Editorial, 15 September), you rightly call for the vacuum created by the collapse of free-market economics to be filled. But you wrongly imply that no one has done this.In fact, there has been huge progress in building an alternative. Economists have a better analysis of how sustainable growth and innovation occur, and how the state can co-invest with industry to meet challenges such as climate change and an ageing society. It is clear that the decline in bargaining power in an overly casualised labour market has held down wages, and that both stronger trade unions and regulation are needed to raise low-income earnings and productivity. Continue reading...

The International Monetary Fund warns that Brexit is hurting UK growth, and things could get a lot worse...

Christine Lagarde warns of ‘dire consequences’ if UK has disorderly exit from EU